时间:2019-02-21 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

 语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,以英语为例,英语有五种基本语调:升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例:


A: Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?
B: Sorry?(↗)Jean 用升调说 Sorry,其意思是 "I didn't hear you. Could 1 you say that again, please?"A: Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?
B: Sorry.(↙)Jean 用降调说 Sorry,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
可见,如果对语调知识缺乏了解,就会无法确定说话人的态度、感情、口吻、意图等,所以今天我们就来对语调问题做个说明吧。
一、一句话中音调的相对高度所包含的意义众所周知,人们在兴奋、惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调就高,而在相反的情况下,语调则低。因此,在同一个场合中,如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个,或明显低于另一个,以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。
这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调相对高度的不同所包含的意义。一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句子的重音所在,通过语调波峰,我们就可以了解说话人的意思。如人们读 "I live in the city." 这句话时,由于强调的对象不同,语调也就随之发生了变化。我们不妨来做一下比较:
I(↗)live in the city.(隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思)I live(↗)in the city.(表示“我”只是“住在”城里,其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思)I live in(↗)the city.(表示“我住在城里边”,其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”)搞懂上面的例子,以下对话就马上可以明白了:
M: Linda looked very tired these days.
W: She looked OK to me(↗).
Q: What does the woman think of Linda?
(A) She saw 2 Linda and me.
(B) Linda said 3 she was 4 fine.
(C) She looked up the word for me.
(D) She considered 5 Linda was all right.
这位女士所表达的意思就是D啦。这句话中重音落在句子的最后一个单词 me 上,因为女士用升调重读 me,这表示了女士有意与男士的看法形成对比,意思是:在你的眼里,她显得疲惫,可在我看来,她没什么问题。这表示了她那种无所谓的态度。

v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
adj.经过仔细考虑的;经过深思熟虑的;受尊敬的;经过深思熟虑的看法v.考虑( consider的过去式和过去分词);想;注意;看重
  • The law is the final arbiter of what is considered obscene. 何谓猥亵最终由法律裁决。
  • She considered her options. 她仔细考虑了自己的各种选择。
标签: 语调
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