时间:2019-02-21 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

 语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,以英语为例,英语有五种基本语调:升调(↗)、降调(↙)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例:


A: Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?
B: Sorry?(↗)Jean 用升调说 Sorry,其意思是 "I didn't hear you. Could 1 you say that again, please?"A: Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?
B: Sorry.(↙)Jean 用降调说 Sorry,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
可见,如果对语调知识缺乏了解,就会无法确定说话人的态度、感情、口吻、意图等,所以今天我们就来对语调问题做个说明吧。
一、一句话中音调的相对高度所包含的意义众所周知,人们在兴奋、惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调就高,而在相反的情况下,语调则低。因此,在同一个场合中,如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个,或明显低于另一个,以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。
这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调相对高度的不同所包含的意义。一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句子的重音所在,通过语调波峰,我们就可以了解说话人的意思。如人们读 "I live in the city." 这句话时,由于强调的对象不同,语调也就随之发生了变化。我们不妨来做一下比较:
I(↗)live in the city.(隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思)I live(↗)in the city.(表示“我”只是“住在”城里,其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思)I live in(↗)the city.(表示“我住在城里边”,其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”)搞懂上面的例子,以下对话就马上可以明白了:
M: Linda looked very tired these days.
W: She looked OK to me(↗).
Q: What does the woman think of Linda?
(A) She saw 2 Linda and me.
(B) Linda said 3 she was 4 fine.
(C) She looked up the word for me.
(D) She considered 5 Linda was all right.
这位女士所表达的意思就是D啦。这句话中重音落在句子的最后一个单词 me 上,因为女士用升调重读 me,这表示了女士有意与男士的看法形成对比,意思是:在你的眼里,她显得疲惫,可在我看来,她没什么问题。这表示了她那种无所谓的态度。

v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
adj.经过仔细考虑的;经过深思熟虑的;受尊敬的;经过深思熟虑的看法v.考虑( consider的过去式和过去分词);想;注意;看重
  • The law is the final arbiter of what is considered obscene. 何谓猥亵最终由法律裁决。
  • She considered her options. 她仔细考虑了自己的各种选择。
标签: 语调
学英语单词
a hell of a
actecs
Al Qādisīyah, Liwā'
all day
alpha-glucans
amalgam catcher
American Academy of Forensic Sciences
atlantic bonitoes
built-up rim
by bidder
cannale
car tyre deflated
cerapachys longitarsus
Chikula
christen
coeder
colanguages
common louse
cry(o)-
cryptococcal meningitis
dark ray
diagonal voltage bridge
dihydrouracil
do as one wishes
electrical clock receptacle
entry of goods outward
even parity
fasciculi mamillotendinei (mm. dorsi)
fire -fighting equipment
fixed steady
geohydrologic unit
giler
health-policy
hiam
HiNIL
holarrhessimine
homoaconitase
intermediate cooling circuit
iron overloads
jennerize
kaubs
Knights of Labor
Lambertian distribution
laudabilities
lesser pelvis
letterpaper
link capacity
liquor kalii arsenitis
lower one's sail
lunar module pilot (lmp)
margin after exercise
marking of drill pipe
meliboeus shimomurai
microslide
mobile-hearth furnace
Mosgovoyia
mutual trust
mwethya
naphthous
national opera
network-ready
nndp
noctilucin
non-metallic whisker
obradovich
off-line euqipment
op-amp
phasm
pleinair
plumb derrick truck
presheaf
pretas
reddish brown soil
relative deformation gradient
residualisms
rotato-
rough-axed brick
Sangmélima
sanguinary
scorchio
simply connected
somaticizes
sound cage
squibbers
Stink-Weed
tall men
tectonic history
theory of connection
to make a fast buck
to the best of
trunk roads
two way sulky plow
typhuss
unfree variation
unwarrantability
Ust'-Borzya
visible oil flow gauge
water-treatments
wharel
wig trees
wilkins micawbers