实用语法--句子成分
英语课
句子成分
1. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例：Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech 1 is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine 2 must be out of order 3.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
The truth 4 is that he has never been abroad 5.(表语从句)
2. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
例：
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh 6 air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force 7 him to lend 8 his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw 9 her entering 10 the room.(现在分词)
We found 11 everything in the lab 12 in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
3. 英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：SV(主+谓)
基本句型二：SVP(主+系+表)
基本句型三：SVO(主+谓+宾)
基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)
He painted the wall white.
n.讲话，演说
- I did not lose a word of his speech.他的演说我没有听漏一个字。
- We were listening in to the Prime Minister's speech.我们正在收音机旁听首相的广播演说。
n.机器，机械装置，机械般工作的人；v.以机器制造；（计算机）机器
- I can't guess how to control the machine.我猜不出来怎样操作那台机器。
- This kind of machine is out of date.这种机器过时了。
n.订单；命令；n.顺序，整齐；勋章；阶级，决议；vt.命令； 调整；定购
- His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。
- You pay for it at the time you order it.订购时就得付款。
n.真理；真相，事实，实际情况
- We must find out the truth of the matter.我们必须弄清楚事情的真相。
- You may trust me that I'm speaking the truth.你可以相信我在说实话。
adj.在国外，海外(一般作表语)；adv.到国外，在国外
- I just got back from abroad.我刚从国外回来。
- He goes abroad every year.他每年都到国外去。
adj.新鲜的；无经验的；淡(水)的；精神饱满的；纯洁无瑕的；生动的；adv.最近地；n.涌流
- The air is quite fresh there.那儿的空气很清新。
- Have you got fresh news?你有最新的消息吗？
n.力量，武力，影响力；v.强迫，强夺，加压力；[计算机]强制
- I don't hold with the use of force.我不赞成使用武力。
- We had to use force to get into the house.我们不得不强行进屋。
v.把…借给；借给
- Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗？
- They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。
vbl.看见(see的过去式)；n.锯；v.用锯子锯
- Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗？
- The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你，就知道你在生我的气。
v.进入( enter的现在分词 )；进去；参加；登记
- Spacecraft which are re-entering the earth's atmosphere are affected by g forces. 重返大气层的航天器受到重力的作用。
- On entering his house, we at once perceived him to be tasteful. 我们一进他的房子，立刻感觉到他是个高品位的人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
v.建立，创立，创办；vbl.(find的过去分词)找到
- I found him at home.我发现他在家。
- The United Nations was found in 1945.联合国于1945年成立。
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