详解辨别雅思阅读信号词的技巧
英语课
阅读最大的特点就是找寻细节,答案尽在原文中,只要通过题干中的关键词定位到文中具体的区域,就能攻克各大细节题。然而,大量的同义转述,以及答案深层次潜伏的阅读文章造成了考生们即使弄清题干意思,确认关键词,也无法顺利地定位到答案所在的相应细节。其实,文章中存在的一些信号词也是解答题目的关键。‘signal words’, 就像是大海航行中的忽明忽暗的信号指示灯,指引着船只前行。同样,阅读文章时,对这些具有指示意义的信号词要多加敏感,因为很有可能答案就在附近。
特殊信号词
特殊的信号词,就是那些很容易识别的词,如大写字母开头的人名,地名,专有名词,以及特殊印刷体和黑体,这些词在英语文章中显得尤为突出,往往也是题干中关键词的原词定位。
例如 'the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for the extra-terrestrial life' 这句话,出现了US Congress, NASA 专有名词信号词,极有可能成为定位的讯息。的确,判断题型中有一题‘the NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.' 就是根据这两个信号词精确地回到原文定位。
普通信号词
雅思阅读作为一项专业的语言水平测试,当然不能只依靠容易识别的特殊信号词,文章中的普通信号词对于解题可谓是功不可没。
1)表原因的信号词
例如reason, cause, since, in that, as, because, thanks to, owing to, 解释说明某一事物或事件,往往会蕴含重要信息。如'since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that…' 该句是之后简答题'what is the life expectancy 1 of Earth' 的答案信息来源,如果考生只定位Earth, 那就很有可能失分,因为原句对Earth 做了同义替换的表述,而since这个信号词则提示了答案所在的地方。
2)表结论的信号词
例如 thus, therefore, so, hence, consequently, as a result, 这些词往往是对前面所论述的总结归纳,例如 'Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable 2 double return’, 该句出现在整篇文章的末段首句,很明显是对前文的总结概括,高度浓缩了信息。最后的主旨选择题,就是对该句的改写:‘they have made the transition from sea to land more than once’。
3)表转折的信号词
例如however, but, by comparison, nonetheless, nevertheless,这些词往往表示文章观点或方向的重大转变,重点应该关注信号词后面的内容。如‘this definition implies that iconoclasts 4 are different from other people, but more precisely 5, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways’, 前半句指出iconoclasts异于常人,用but转折词,强调指出区别的关键地方。这也是选择题‘iconoclasts are distinctive 6 because…' 的出题方向。
4)表让步的信号词
例如although, though, while, whereas, whilst等连接的句子,后半句才是引出的话题和强调内容。 如'He accurately 7 predicted that Venus would cross the face of the Sun in both 1761 and 1769--though he didn't survive to see either’, 前半句讲述他精确预测金星跨越太阳的两次时间,后半句用though引出让步内容,他没有看到任何一次。判断题中‘Halley observed one transit 3 of the planet Venus’主要就是以原文定位句的后半句为判断依据。
5)表举例的信号词
例如for example, for instance, that is to say, such as, include, 后面引出具体事物的详细例子,同时原文中破折号和冒号也有异曲同工之妙,对前面的内容补充说明。如‘in other worlds, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.' 整句话都在解释说明该段的第二个假设'we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us’, 所举的例子也是判断题‘SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways' 的判断依据。
6)表顺序的信号词
例如first, second, finally, eventually, later, then, next等,体现出文章内容的逻辑性与发展性。如'In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First,…Second…’, 使用first 和second这两个序数词,清晰逻辑地讲述了两个重要的假设。这两个信号词,也是这篇文章heading题型段落大意的重点提示。
7)表比较级和最高级的信号词
例如more, most, -est, best, better,exclusively, extremely, superior, preferable,表示事物之间的比较,也是文章要强调的地方。如‘one part is a targeted search using the world's largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope’, 该句的the world's largest radio telescopes 对应了题目中the world's most powerful radio telescopes,答案信息就在这里。
n.期望,预期,(根据概率统计求得)预期数额
- Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
- The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
- She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
- These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
n.经过,运输;vt.穿越,旋转;vi.越过
- His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
- The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。
n.攻击传统观念的人( iconoclast的名词复数 );反对崇拜圣像者
- Holistic medicine, organic farming or performance art are the sorts of fields these iconoclasts enjoy. 整体医疗、有机农业和艺术表演就是爱打破常规的水瓶座人喜欢的行业。 来自互联网
adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地
- It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
- The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
- She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
- This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
adv.准确地,精确地
- It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
- Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
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