全国职称英语等级考试试题（财经类）

第一部分　阅读理解　(75分)
Passage　1
　　Tourism　wasn't　as　important　as　it　is　today.　In　the　past,　only　people　with　a　good　deal　of　money　could　travel　on　holidays　to　other　countries.　More　people　travel　today　than　in　the　past　because　there　is　a　growing　middle　class　in　many　parts　of　the　world,　that　is　to　say,　people　now　have　more　money　for　travel.　Special　air　plane　fares　for　tourists　make　travel　less　expensive　and　more　attractive　than　ever　before.
　　One　person　doesn't　travel　for　the　same　reason　as　another.　But　most　people　enjoy　seeing　countries　that　are　different　from　their　own.　They　also　like　to　meet　new　people　and　new　food.
　　Tourism　causes　many　changes　in　a　country　and　in　people's　lives.　People　build　new　hotels　and　restaurants　and　train　native　men　a　women　as　guides　to　show　visitors　interesting　places.　There're　new　night　clubs　and　other　amusement.
International　tourism　is　clearly　a　big　business.

1.　In　the　old　days　_________　could　travel　to　other　countries.
○A.　boys　or　girls,　men　or　women,　young　or　old
○B.　either　kings　or　queens
○C.　both　the　poor　and　the　rich
○D.　nobody　but　those　who　had　money

2.　Many　more　people　travel　today　than　in　the　past　because　_________.
○A.　people　have　become　more　interested　in　traveling
○B.　travelling　today　is　easier　than　in　the　past
○C.　people　now　have　spare　money　for　travel
○D.　great　changes　have　taken　place　in　the　world

3.　What　makes　travel　more　attractive　than　before?
○A.　Travel　by　air　to　other　countries　is　much　cheaper　today.
○B.　More　guides　are　being　trained　to　show　beautiful　spots.
○C.　Modern　telegraph　lines　make　travel　less　expensive.
○D.　New　hotels　and　restaurants　have　been　built.

4.　People　make　journeys　to　many　parts　of　the　world?　This　is　because　________.
○A.　they　want　to　make　a　study　of　geography
○B.　they　travel　for　different　reasons
○C.　they　want　to　taste　different　kinds　of　food
○D.　they　don't　want　to　do　anything　else　except　that　they　visit　friends

5.　Which　of　the　following　statements　is　true　according　to　the　article?
○A.　Tourism　won't　bring　any　changes　in　people's　minds.
○B.　People　have　some　trouble　in　making　journeys.
○C.　With　the　development　of　tourism,　great　changes　will　take　place　in　many　parts　of　the　world.
○D.　Tourism　causes　only　some　changes　……　and　in　clothing.

Passage　2
　　More　attention　was　paid　to　the　quality　of　production　in　France　at　the　time　of　Renc　Coty.　Charles　Deschancl　was　then　the　financial　minister.　He　stressed　that　workmanship　(工作质量)　and　quality　were　more　important　than　quantity　for　industrial　production.　It　would　be　necessary　to　produce　quality　goods　for　international　market　to　compete　with　those　produced　in　other　countries.　The　French　economy　needed　a　larger　share　of　the　international　market　to　balance　its　import　and　export　trade.　French　industrial　and　agricultural　production　was　still　not　enough　to　meet　the　immediate 1　needs　of　the　people,　let　alone　long-ranged　developments.　Essential　imports　had　extended　the　national　credit　(信用)　to　the　breaking　point.　Rents　were　tightly　controlled,　but　the　extreme　inflation　(通货膨胀)　affected 2　general　population　most　severely 3　through　the　cost　of　food.　Food　costs　took　as　much　as　80　per　cent　of　the　workers'　income.　Wages,　it　is　true,　had　risen,　extensive　family　allowances　(补贴)　and　benefits　were　paid　by　the　state,　and　there　was　full-time 4　and　overtime 5　employment.　Taken　together,　these　factors　enabled　the　working　class　to　exist　but　allowed　them　no　sense　of　safety.　In　this　precarious 6　(不安定)　and　discouraging　situation,　workmen　were　willing　to　work　overseas　for　higher　wages.
　　The　government　was　not　willing　to　let　workers　leave　the　country.　It　was　feared　this　migration 7　of　workers　would　deplete 8　(使空虚)　the　labor 9　force.　The　lack　of　qualified 10　workers　might　stop　the　improvement　in　the　quality　of　industrial　products　produced.　Qualified　workers　employed　abroad　would　only　increase　the　quantity　of　quality　produced　in　foreign　countries.　Also　the　quantity　of　quality　goods　produced　in　France　would　not　be　able　to　increase　as　part　of　its　qualified　labor　force　moved　to　other　countries.

6.　According　to　the　passage,　the　French　workers　were　_____________.
○A.　better　paid　than　the　workers　in　any　other　European　country
○B.　able　to　save　more　money　with　the　increase　in　his　wages
○C.　anxious　to　work　abroad
○D.　often　unable　to　find　work　in　France

7.　Which　was　not　true　in　French?
○A.　Food　costs　were　low.
○B.　Wages　had　increased.
○C.　The　state　paid　family　allowances.
○D.　There　was　overtime　employment.

8.　According　to　the　passage,　French　production　___________.
○A.　was　inadequate 11　to　meet　the　needs　of　the　French　people
○B.　was　flooding　the　international　market　with　inferior
○C.　emphasized　industrial　production　at　the　expense　of　agricultural　production
○D.　was　enough　for　the　local　market

9.　According　to　the　passage,　the　French　government　_____________.
○A.　prohibited　French　to　work　abroad
○B.　reduced　taxed　to　fight　inflation
○C.　paid　family　allowances　and　benefits
○D.　prohibited　the　French　workers　to　join　labor　unions

10.　Which　of　the　following　is　not　true?
○A.　Migration　of　workers　would　deplete　the　labor　force.
○B.　The　lack　of　qualified　workers　might　stop　the　improvement　in　the　quality　of　products.
○C.　Qualified　workers　work　abroad　would　increase　the　quality　of　products　in　foreign　countries.
○D.　Qualified　workers　work　abroad　was　good　for　France.

Passage　3
　　Aristotle,　the　Greek　philosopher,　summed　up　the　four　chief　qualities　of　money　some　2,000　years　ago.　It　must　be　lasting 12　and　easy　to　recognize,　to　divide,　and　to　carry　about.
　　When　we　think　of　money　today,　we　picture　it　……as　round,　flat　pieces　of　metal　which　we　call　coins,　or　as　printed　paper　notes.　But　there　are　still　parts　of　the　world　today　where　coins　and　notes　are　of　no　use.　They　will　buy　nothing,　and　a　traveler　might　starve　if　he　had　none　of　the　particular　local　"money"　to　……　Among　remote　people,　who　are　not　often　reached　by　traders　from　outside,　commerce　usually　means　barter 13　(物物交换).　There　is　a　direct　exchange　of　goods.　Perhaps　it　is　fish　for　vegetables,　meat　for　grain,　or　various　kinds　of　food　in　exchange　for　pots,　baskets,　or　other　manufactured　goods.　For　this　kind　of　simple　trading,　money　is　not　needed,　but　there　is　often　something　that　everyone　wants　and　everybody　can　use,　such　as　salt　to　flavor　(给……调味)　food,　shells　for　ornaments 14(装饰),　or　iron　and　copper 15　to　make　into　tools　and　pots.　These　things-salt,　shells　or　metals-are　till　used　as　money　in　out-of-the　way　parts　of　the　world　today.
　　Salt　may　rather　a　strange　substance　to　use　as　money,　but　in　countries　where　the　food　of　the　people　is　mainly　vegetable,　it　is　often　an　absolute　necessity.　Cakes　of　salt,　stamped　to　show　their　value,　were　used　as　money　in　Tibet　until　recent　times,　and　cakes　of　salt　will　still　buy　goods　in　Berneo　and　parts　of　Africa.
　　Cowrie　sea　shells　have　been　used　as　money　at　some　time　or　another　over　the　greater　part　of　the　Old　World.　These　were　collected　mainly　from　the　beaches　of　the　Maldive　Islands　in　the　Indian　Ocean,　and　were　traded　to　India　and　China.　In　Africa,　cowries　were　traded　right　across　the　continent　from　East　to　West.　Four　or　five　thousand　went　for　one　Maria　Theresa　dollar,　an　Austrian　silver　coin　which　was　once　accepted　as　money　in　many　parts　of　Africa.
　　Metal,　valued　by　weight,　early　coins　in　many　parts　of　the　world.　Iron,　in　lumps,　bars　or　rings　is　still　used　in　many　countries　instead　of　money.　It　can　either　be　exchanged　for　goods,　or　made　into　tools,　weapons　or　ornaments.　The　early　money　of　China,　apart　from　shells,　was　of　bronze　(青铜),　ten　in　flat,　round　pieces　with　a　hole　in　the　middle,　called　"cash".　The　earliest　of　these　are　between　three　thousand　and　four　thousand　years　old-older　than　the　earliest　coins　of　the　eastern　Mediterranean 16.
　　Nowadays,　coins　and　notes　have　taken　place　of　nearly　all　the　more　interesting　forms　of　money,　and　although　in　one　or　two　of　the　more　remote　countries　people　still　hold　it　for　future　use　on　ceremonial　(仪式的)　occasions　such　as　weddings　and　funerals　(葬礼),　examples　of　early　money　will　soon　be　found　only　in　museums.

11.　In　some　parts　of　the　world　a　traveler　might　starve　__________.
○A.　even　if　his　money　was　of　the　local　kind
○B.　even　if　the　had　no　coins　or　notes
○C.　if　the　did　not　know　the　local　rate　of　exchange
○D.　even　if　he　had　plenty　of　coins　and　notes

12.　Barter　usually　takes　the　place　of　money　transaction　where　__________.
○A.　there　is　only　salt
○B.　the　people's　trading　needs　are　fairly　simple
○C.　metal　tools　are　used
○D.　only　for　ceremonial　purposes

13.　Salt　is　still　used　as　money　__________.
○A.　in　Tibet
○B.　in　the　Maldive　Islands
○C.　in　several　countries
○D.　only　for　ceremonial　purposes
14.　Four　or　five　thousand　cowrie　shells　used　to　be　__________.
○A.　as　valuable　as　a　Maria　Theresa　dollar
○B.　valued　because　they　were　easy　to　carry
○C.　useful　currency　in　south　America
○D.　useful　currency　in　south　America

15.　The　earliest　known　coins　from　the　eastern　Mediterranean　_________.
○A.　are　as　old　as　the　earliest　known　Chinese　coins
○B.　are　old　than　the　earliest　known　Chinese　coins
○C.　are　not　as　old　as　the　earliest　known　Chinese　coins
○D.　were　much　larger　than　their　Chinese　equivalents

第二部分　完成句子　(25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
　　Once　upon　a　time　(not　so　very　long　ago,　either!)　industrial　goods　were　made　to　last　forever.　If　you　bought　a　car　or　a　stove,　it　was　a　once-in-a-life　time　investment.　You　paid　good　money　for　it,　and　you　took　good　care　of　it.　Nowadays　industry　has　persuaded　us　that　products　shouldn't　last　a　long　time.　It's　cheaper　to　throw　them　away　than　it　is　to　repair　them.　This　has　led　directly　to　the　"throw　away　society"　which　is　a　tremendous　(巨大的)　waste　of　the　earth's　resources.
　　Just　think　of　the　cars　that　are　traded　daily,　just　because　they　are　out　of　style.　Think　of　the　expensive　packaging　material　that　is　thrown　away　every　time　a　new　object　is　bought.　And　we　consumers　(消费者)　have　to　pay　for　that　material!　Our　industrial　society　has　turned　us　into　spoiled　children.　This　wastefulness 17　(消费)　has　got　into　the　mess　we　are　in　now.　when　we　have　no　resources　left,　then　we'll　start　to　take　care　of　what　we　have.　But　why　can't　we　act　before　this　happens?　Why　can't　we　go　back　to　being　a　society　in　which　the　prevention　(防止)　of　waste　is　a　virtue 18　(美德)?

16.　Not　long　ago,　products　were　made　to　last　to　_______　as　you　take　care　of　them.

17.　People　don't　repair　many　things　nowadays　because　they　spend　______　to　buy　a　new　one.

18.　The　shoppers　have　to　pay　not　only　for　the　goods　themselves　but　also　for　the　______　paper.

19.　According　to　the　author's　idea,　we　should　take　care　of　what　we　have　when　there　are　________　resources　left.

20.　"The　mess"　(in　the　5th　Line　of　2nd　Paragraph)　means　_________.

第三部分　阅读理解　(80分)
Passage　1
　　One　phase　of　the　business　cycle　is　the　expansion　phase.　This　phase　is　a　two-fold　one,　including　recovery　and　prosperity.　During　the　recovery　period　there　is　ever　-　growing　expansion　of　existing　facilities　and　new　facilities　for　production　are　created.　More　businesses　are　created　and　older　ones　expanded.　Improvements　of　various　kinds　are　made.　There　is　an　ever　increasing　optimism　(乐观主义)　about　the　future　of　economic　growth.　Much　capital　is　invested　in　machinery 19　or　"heavy"　industry.　More　labor　is　employed.　More　raw　materials　are　required.　As　one　part　of　the　economy　develops,　other　parts　are　affected.　For　example,　a　great　expansion　in　automobiles 20　results　in　an　expansion　of　the　steel,　glass,　and　industries.　Roads　are　required.　Thus　the　cement　and　machinery　industries　are　stimulated 21.　Demand　for　labor　and　materials　results　in　greater　prosperity　for　workers　and　suppliers　(供应商)　of　raw　materials,　including　farmers.　This　increases　purchasing　power　and　the　volume　of　goods　bought　and　sold.　Thus　prosperity　is　diffused 22　(扩散)　among　the　various　portions　of　the　population.　This　prosperity　period　may　continue　to　rise　and　rise　without　an　apparent　end.　However　a　time　comes　when　this　phase　reaches　a　peak　and　stop　spiraling　(盘旋地移动)　upwards 23.　This　is　the　end　of　the　expansion　phase.

21.　We　may　assume　that　in　the　next　paragraph　the　writer　will　discuss　_______.
○A.　union　demands
○B.　the　status　of　the　farmer
○C.　the　higher　cost　of　living
○D.　the　recession　period

22.　The　title　below　that　best　expresses　the　idea　of　this　passage　is　________.
○A.　The　Business　Cycle
○B.　The　Recovery　Stage
○C.　Attaining 24　Prosperity
○D.　The　Period　of　Good　Times

23.　Prosperity　in　one　industry　_________.
○A.　reflects　itself　in　many　other　industries
○B.　will　spiral　upwards
○C.　will　affect　the　steel　industry
○D.　will　end　abruptly 25

24.　Which　of　the　following　industries　will　probably　be　a　good　indicator 26　of　a　period　of　expansion?
○A.　Toys.
○B.　Machine　tools.
○C.　Foodstuffs 27.
○D.　Farming.

25.　During　the　period　of　prosperity,　people　regard　the　future　___________.
○A.　cautiously
○B.　in　a　confident　manner
○C.　opportunely 28
○D.　indifferently

Passage　2
　　The　value　of　money　is　going　down.　What　you　could　buy　in　1970　for　￡20,　now,　in　1979　costs　￡56.40.　That's　inflation　and　nobody　likes　it,　least　of　all　the　Bank　of　England.　One　of　the　results　of　inflation　is　that　people　need　coins　and　notes　of　higher　value.　At　the　moment,　the　note　of　the　highest　value　which　is　generally　in　circulation(流通)　is　the　￡20　note.　Now,　the　Bank　of　England　plans　to　introduce　a　new,　￡50　note.　And　the　Bank　is　trying　to　decide　which　famous　English　man　or　woman　to　put　on　the　back　of　the　ne…………