英语听力文摘 English Digest 252、疫苗与自闭症无关
时间：2019-02-18 作者：英语课 分类：英语听力文摘 English Digest
Vaccines 2 Not Linked to Autism
最新发表在ClinicalEvidence杂志上的一项来自美国循症医学调查中心的研究显示，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹(MMR)联合疫苗或单一麻诊疫苗接种与儿童孤独症无关。 新生儿在出生以后往往会连续接种各种不同的疫苗，以增强机体的免疫力。但疫苗在生产过程中为了保证其稳定性，通常会使用含有一种名叫噻汞撒的抗菌素，噻汞撒学名叫做工汞硫代水杨酸钠，这种抗菌素中有一半的成分是乙基汞。由于科学研究早已证实，汞对人体来说是一种慢性毒性物质，如果体内汞的含量过高则将对人体的神经系统，特别是儿童的大脑、肾脏造成永久性伤害，患儿会出现孤僻、中毒性震颤、注意力不集中以及语言和记忆力方面的障碍。因此接种疫苗后是否可能会留下孤独症等后遗症成为许多家长关心的事。 研究人员为此进行了一项涉及数百万名儿童、课题超过2000项的研究，查阅了过去50年来曾接种过麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗的儿童资料。研究结果表明，现有的大量的科学证据并不支持儿童接种疫苗后会引起儿童孤独症，儿童接种疫苗是安全的。
Is there really a link between autism and vaccines? Find the truth, on this Moment of Science.
Y:Today on the moment of science the link between vaccines and Autism.
D:Hold on there Yael.What link?There is no link.
Y:There isn't?
D:Absolutely not.The initial study that triggered all this panic was based on anecdotal evidence(轶事证据) and wasn’t substantiated 3 by scientific analysis. In fact, after a careful review of more recent and more extensive studies, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies concluded that there’s no evidence of a link between vaccines and autism.
It’s ironic 4 that now that diseases like measles 5, polio, and small pox are so rare in the U.S. thanks to vaccines, people are all panicky about vaccine 1 safety. It doesn’t help that the media, when they present both sides of medical issues by giving each side equal time, may unintentionally imply that there’s an equal body of evidence supporting each side.I mean Based on the faulty study, some people decided 6 not to immunize their children.
Y:Really?Isn't that incredibly risky 7.
D:It is.After all, We’re talking about highly contagious 8, devastating 9 diseases here.
With international travel so common, it only takes one person to introduce a disease to a community, and if enough members of that community aren’t immunized, that disease can spread quickly. That's why it's important to make sure that you’re getting information from the right sources.For up-to-date information on immunizations and potential side-effects, ask your doctor, or visit www.immunizationinfo.org.
译文：
疫苗与自闭症无关
Y:今天的科学时间讲述的是疫苗和自闭症的联系。
D:暂停，雅艾尔。有什么关系呢？根本就没有关系呀！
Y:没有吗？
D:当然了。引发这些恐慌的最初研究来源于轶事证据(粗浅的证据，经常以故事形式出现),并没有被科学分析证实。事实上，在仔细审查了最近更广泛的研究后，美国国家科学院医学研究所认为并没有证据证明疫苗和自闭症之间有联系。
更讽刺的是，得益于疫苗，像麻疹，脊髓灰质炎和天花之类的疾病在美国很罕见，但是现在人们都为疫苗的安全性而恐慌。当媒体提出同一个医疗问题并给正反双方同样多的时间来论证，其实并没有起多大作用，反而可能会在无意中暗示双方都有同样多的支持证据。我的意思是说鉴于错误的研究，一些父母不会让他们的孩子接种疫苗。
Y:真的吗？那岂不是很冒险？
D:是的。毕竟，我们谈论的是具有高度传染性和破坏性的疾病。现在国际旅行如此普遍，一个人就可能为一个群体带来一种疾病，如果群体里所有的成员都没有接种，那么这种疾病将会以非常快的速度传播。这就是获取来源正确的信息的重要性。你可以咨询你的医生或者登录www.immunizationinfo.org.来获取免疫接种及其潜在副作用的信息。
- The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
- She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
- His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
- The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
- The results of the tests substantiated his claims. 这些检验的结果证实了他的说法。
- The statement has never been substantiated. 这一陈述从未得到证实。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- That is a summary and ironic end.那是一个具有概括性和讽刺意味的结局。
- People used to call me Mr Popularity at high school,but they were being ironic.人们中学时常把我称作“万人迷先生”，但他们是在挖苦我。
- The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
- The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。
- This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
- There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
- It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
- He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。
- It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
- He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。
- It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
- Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。