英语语法详解：名词修饰名词
英语课
现代英语的特色之一，是力求以简单的结构，表达复杂的思维。以名词作修饰语，简称“名词定语”(attributive nouns)，便是朝向这目标的手段之一。
所谓名词修饰名词，就是以名词直接修饰另一名词，其作用和形容词相似。例如：
Science students; the Clinton Administration; dinner-time; oil industry; Christmas party 等。
下列是名词作修饰语时的语法功能：
⒈代替形容词(或形容词短语)或分词(或分词短语)，如：
● country life→rural life
● China-U.S. relations→Sino-American relations
● a launch pad→a launching pad
● cube sugar→sugar formed in the shape of a cube.
⒉代替名词所有格，如：
● good rapport 1 between consumer and producer countries →good rapport between consumers' and producers' countries.
● a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN commodity imports→ a proposal for a ceiling on ASEAN's commodity imports.
⒊代替介词短语，如：
● a tool box→a box for tools.
● a television programme→ a programme on television.
● apple seeds →the seeds of an apple.
⒋代替同位语、形容词分句或不定式动词短语，如：
● his bank manager son→his son,(who is) a bank manager.
● an ASEAN joint 2 conference report→a report to be jointly 3 made by ASEAN(members).
上述四种情况是名词修饰名词的常见现象。这情形在报章上出现得更频繁。
最后有一点要注意的是，名词作修饰语时，与同词根的形容词或分词作修饰语，有什么语意上的差别呢?不同在于前者强调内容或职能;后者侧重属性和特征。试比较下面三组句子，以观察其不同：
a. labour intensity(劳工密集)
b. labouring people(劳动的人民)
a. a space rocket(宇宙火箭)
b. a spacious 4 room(宽敞的房间)
a. an art gallery(艺术馆)
b. artistic 5 effects(艺术的效果)
a. a history department(历史系)
b. a historic relic(历史遗迹)
a. riot police(防暴警察)
b. riotous police(闹事的/暴动的警察)
n.和睦，意见一致
- She has an excellent rapport with her staff.她跟她职员的关系非常融洽。
- We developed a high degree of trust and a considerable personal rapport.我们发展了高度的互相信任和不错的私人融洽关系。
adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合
- I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
- We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
ad.联合地，共同地
- Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
- She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
adj.广阔的，宽敞的
- Our yard is spacious enough for a swimming pool.我们的院子很宽敞，足够建一座游泳池。
- The room is bright and spacious.这房间很豁亮。
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