时间:2019-02-17 作者:英语课 分类:GRE英语


英语课

   根据对GRE填空题型的把握,以及对大陆考生在填空题中易错情况的分析,建议大家单词的掌握要达到理解用法的程度,而不仅仅是知道汉语意思。


  由准备旧GRE考试沿袭下来的背单词的方法如今在新GRE当中也尚能使用,所以很多考生在备考过程中重点记诵单词的汉语意思。对于母语就是汉语的中国学生来说,这样记单词肯定要比背诵英文解释更加有效率。但是考生不能仅仅满足于知道单词的汉语意思,因为有许多单词,表面上有着相似的汉语意思,背后却隐藏着解题时不可不知的用法差异。
  读者可以根据以下例题来体会这一思想。
  例题1[选自Revised GRE绿皮书填空教程E28-9]
  Once a duckling has identified a parent, the instinctive 1 bond become a powerful _____ for additional learning since, by _____the parent, the duckling can acquire further information that is not genetically 2 transmitted.
  A inspiration
  D acknowledging
  B channel
  E mimicking 3
  C impulse
  F emulating 4
  本道题根据传统的“手段目的结果”逻辑关系来解答。介词“for”在这里指示前半句“become a powerful ______”是手段,“additional learning”是目的。在GRE填空题中,手段需要和目的同义重复,因此第一空填进去一个词是学习的方式手段即可。A选项意为“灵感”,B选项意为 “渠道”,C选项意为“冲动”,可以明显看出只有B选项的意思最接近与手段方式,因此第一空很容易选出来B选项为正确答案。
  对于大部分考生来说难以解答的是本道题的第二空格。”by”是后半句“手段目的结果”逻辑关系的指示词,后半句的“手段”是“_____the parent”,“结果”是“acquire further information that is not genetically transmitted.”,根据同义重复原则,第二空要填上一个词是小鸭子对父母所做的动作,且能够实现进一步学习的结果即可。纵观三个选项,D意为 “承认;感激”,E和F选项均有“模仿”之义,考生能够很快判断出来模仿父母是一种学习的方式,但是问题就在于E和F究竟选谁才是正确答案。本道题中的 emulate的释义为“To strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation”,因此这个词强调“因为看到别人比自己好而选自用模仿的方式去赶上甚至超过别人”;而mimic的释义是“To copy or imitate closely, especially in speech, expression, and gesture”,有“人或动物模仿他人或其他对象的举止行为”的涵义。因此通过对两个单词的英文释义的分析,不难看出,本道题论述的是小鸭子通过模仿父母获得非遗传性的信息从而达到学习的目的,当然是选择E选项为最佳答案。
  例题2[选自Revised GRE绿皮书填空教程E22-2]
  When theories formerly 5 considered to be______ in their scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent observational and evaluative bias 6, then the presumed neutrality of science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are human______.
  A disinterested 7
  D imperatives 8
  B callous 9
  E errors
  C verifiable
  F constructions
  本道题目的第一空可以根据”instead”这个反义重复的标志词来解答。既然后半句说“相反是反应了持久的观察性的和评估性的偏见”,所以就知道第一空填上一个词能够体现“偏见”的反义词即可,那就是“客观公正”。纵观选项,A意为“客观公正的,平心静气的”,B意为“无情的,麻木的”,C意为“可证实的”;而且由于第一空格后面紧跟着“in their scientific objectivity”,导致在真实考试情境下,会有一部分考生选择A ,而另一部分考生选择C.笔者要在这里重点分析的就是这里的第一空只能选择A不能选择C.填C选项的考生认为”verifiable in their scientific objectivity”的意思就是说理论是客观的,其实这是对单词理解和语义判断的失误。事实上,C填进去之后的意思是“在科学客观性方面是可以证实的”,意思相当于“可以证明其是客观的还是不客观的”,并不等同于“理论是客观的”。所以这次对于”verifiable in their scientific objectivity”的理解必须恰当无误,才能选择正确答案。
  本道题第二空根据when分句和then分句的意思广义同义即可选出正确答案为F选项。本道题主旨意思是说,原来被认为是客观的理论被发现相反反应出偏见,那么科学假设的中立性就让步于另外一种看法,这个看法就是所谓知识的分类只是人类的主观构造。
  例题3[选自Revised GRE绿皮书填空教程E46-2]
  The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start, for adult consciousness is ______ by the awareness 10 of duration.
  (A) intrigued 11
  (B) repelled 12
  (C) measured
  (D) accelerated
  (E) permeated 13
  本题的paradoxical是解题线索,指示前后矛盾相反即可。而这道题题干内容对于大多数考生来说显得晦涩难懂。题干中涉及两个对解题至关重要的单词:” timelessness”和” duration”,记诵汉语意思的考生很容易辨析不清楚二者究竟是同义词还是反义词,实际上前者的释义为” having no beginning or end : eternal”,后者的释义为” A period of existence or persistence”。所以通过对两个单词英文释义的分析可以发现,这两个词本身已经构成反义关系。因此要体现出”paradoxical”的逻辑,空格只要填上一个词表示成年人的意识是有着”duration”这个元素的即可。五个选项的意思分别是A“被吸引”,B“被排斥”,C“被衡量”,D“被加速”,E“充满”。可见只有E选项填进去表示” adult consciousness”中含有”duration”。
  通过以上例题的讲解,读者不难看出,单词意思的理解是否恰切,很大程度上决定了解题的正确率。所以建议考生在备考过程中,要注意不能满足于记诵单词汉语意思即可,而要进一步理解一些重点常考单词的内涵意义。

adj.(出于)本能的;直觉的;(出于)天性的
  • He tried to conceal his instinctive revulsion at the idea.他试图饰盖自己对这一想法本能的厌恶。
  • Animals have an instinctive fear of fire.动物本能地怕火。
adv.遗传上
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
v.(尤指为了逗乐而)模仿( mimic的现在分词 );酷似
  • She's always mimicking the teachers. 她总喜欢模仿老师的言谈举止。
  • The boy made us all laugh by mimicking the teacher's voice. 这男孩模仿老师的声音,逗得我们大家都笑了。 来自辞典例句
v.与…竞争( emulate的现在分词 );努力赶上;计算机程序等仿真;模仿
  • The possibilities of producing something entirely new by emulating nature's very wide crosses are enticing. 用自然界的非常广泛的杂交方法创造出全新植物种的可能性是诱人的。 来自辞典例句
  • The human emulating this archetypal patterning will be quite the accomplished businessperson. 这类原型模式者会是一个很成功的商人。 来自互联网
adv.从前,以前
  • We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
  • This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。
n.偏见,偏心,偏袒;vt.使有偏见
  • They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
  • He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。
adj.不关心的,不感兴趣的
  • He is impartial and disinterested.他公正无私。
  • He's always on the make,I have never known him do a disinterested action.他这个人一贯都是唯利是图,我从来不知道他有什么无私的行动。
n.必要的事( imperative的名词复数 );祈使语气;必须履行的责任
  • Nixon, however, had other imperatives. 但尼克松另有需要。 来自辞典例句
  • There could be some cultural imperatives in there somewhere! 在公共传播那里,在某些方面,可能有更迫切的文化需要! 来自互联网
adj.无情的,冷淡的,硬结的,起老茧的
  • He is callous about the safety of his workers.他对他工人的安全毫不关心。
  • She was selfish,arrogant and often callous.她自私傲慢,而且往往冷酷无情。
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
adj.好奇的,被迷住了的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的过去式);激起…的兴趣或好奇心;“intrigue”的过去式和过去分词
  • You've really intrigued me—tell me more! 你说的真有意思—再给我讲一些吧!
  • He was intrigued by her story. 他被她的故事迷住了。
v.击退( repel的过去式和过去分词 );使厌恶;排斥;推开
  • They repelled the enemy. 他们击退了敌军。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The minister tremulously, but decidedly, repelled the old man's arm. 而丁梅斯代尔牧师却哆里哆嗦地断然推开了那老人的胳臂。 来自英汉文学 - 红字
弥漫( permeate的过去式和过去分词 ); 遍布; 渗入; 渗透
  • The smell of leather permeated the room. 屋子里弥漫着皮革的气味。
  • His public speeches were permeated with hatred of injustice. 在他对民众的演说里,充满了对不公正的愤慨。
标签: GRE
学英语单词
adaptive distributed minimal spanning tree algorithm
adwa (adowa)
Anomala
Antipressan
aphetizes
apical foramen of tooth
articulation efficiency
assiminea brevicula
automatic aircraft pilot
backstitched
banjos
be OP
benzimidazolone
bertas
Blancophor R
blood type theory of temperament
bloodgood
BLUE language
boot order
cocostearic
codeless input system
complemental
computer-oriented languages
Cytostatin
endoilluminator
explained away
family procaviidaes
featuous
fellow-me-lad
fellowable
final survey
friction surface
gebang palm
gordan-overstreet(syndrome)
gosdens
granulysin
hardrive
hood seal fan
iconologist
inability to raise arm due to pain in shoulder
intercristal diameter
investment flow
irascibly
jet air pump
jigging stenter
knifesmith
knock individual control
leukodermatous
limited frequency sensitive mode
logo-
machine works
mad-apple
metagastric
microspur
moluccass
moncurs
motocross
muitigrid tube
nauch
neohelota lewisi
neuromuscular blocking drug
nonarguments
norsals
nuclear energy change
oophoroepilepsy
open end
Orontes River
parent radioisotope
Penicillium expansum
priorate
professional victim
protective shield
provoes
pussygirl
Quanaru, I.
range guide
recalibrate subroutine
remittable
repressed brick
scale pit
seat of business
seismological
skill type
smearcase
snake-like sores
So the world wags.
spuggies
standard premium
steel roll
stockily
sum component
target people
telemetering transmitter
transplanting rice
vgr affinity
vilified
vinaigrous
viscose pump
voglibose
washing days
windsucker
wire fate