GRE形近义近归纳法词汇总结
英语课
形近义近归纳法
由于在高端词汇当中，有很多词的形状是差不多的，这个称之为形近，又有很多单词意思是差不多的，这个称之为义近。在背诵时就可以把这些单词总结在一起背，以防混淆。
比如有这么两个词，discreet和discrete，它们形状长得非常相似，但意义却有很大的差别。前面这个词的意思是“谨慎小心的”，后面这个词意思“是离散的，不连续的”。背这种形近词的时候一般可以两步走，第一步是找两个形近词的差异，第二步是通过差异来联想。比方说这两个词的差异非常明显，就在于一个词的结尾是eet，而另一个词的结尾是ete，找出差异之后就可以通过差异来联想了。由于后面这个词discrete的结尾是ete，两个e不连接在一起，所以这个词的意思是离散的，不连续的。而前面这个词discreet的结尾是eet，两个e连在一起了，所以这个词的意思是谨慎小心的。
再比如还有两个词，一个是ingenious，意思是“聪明的”，还有一个词是ingenuous，意思是“天真的”。这两个词的形状也很象，同样我们可以先找差异，差异在于前面这个词 的中间是，后面这个词的中间是u，我们可以把i想象成I，I就是自己，而u可以想象成you，也就是你。而联合两个词的词义，我们每个人都喜欢说自己是聪明的，而说别人是天真的，这样这两个词也就相应记忆住了。
义近则是指意思相近的词，可以放在一起背诵。比如说下面这些词都是批评谴责的意思：
批评(轻)：v: admonish 1 chide 2 criticize reproach reproof(n) reprove flak批评(重)：v: berate 3 castigate 4 censure 5 chastise 6 condemn 7 denounce diatribe(n) excoriate 8 fulminate impeach 9 impugn 10 invective(n) inveigh 11 lambaste rail rebuke 12 reprehend 13 reprimand reprobate 14 revile 15 scold upbraid 16 vituperate pan还有些词则都是称赞的意思：
称赞：v: acclaim 17 applaud commend eulogize exalt 19 extol 20 glorify 21 laud 18 rave 22 toutn: accolade 23 encomium 24 approbation 25 orchid 26 plaudit tribute这样把同义的词总结在一起，就很易于背诵，否则要掌握这些词是有相当难度的。
v.训戒；警告；劝告
- I will tactfully admonish him not to behave like this again.我会婉转的规诫他不要再这样做。
- Admonish your friends privately,but praise them openly.要私下告戒朋友，但是要公开夸奖朋友。
v.叱责；谴责
- However,they will chide you if you try to speak French.然而，如果你试图讲法语，就会遭到他们的责骂。
- He thereupon privately chide his wife for her forwardness in the matter.于是他私下责备他的妻子，因为她对这种事热心。
v.训斥，猛烈责骂
- He feared she would berate him for his forgetfulness.他担心，由于健忘又要挨她的训斥了。
- She might have taken the opportunity to berate scientists for their closed minds.她也可能会去利用这个机会斥责那些抱成见的科学家。
v.谴责；惩治
- The principal castigate the student who have insult their teacher.校长谴责对老师不敬的学生。
- Marx never lost an opportunity to castigate colonialism.马克思抓住每一个机会严厉谴责殖民主义。
v./n.责备；非难；责难
- You must not censure him until you know the whole story.在弄清全部事实真相前不要谴责他。
- His dishonest behaviour came under severe censure.他的不诚实行为受到了严厉指责。
vt.责骂，严惩
- My father used to chastise my brothers with whips.父亲过去常以鞭打惩罚我的兄弟。
- Should I applaud my husband or chastise him?我是该称赞还是责罚我的丈夫呢？
vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑
- Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
- We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。
v.使磨破皮；剥皮
- He proceeded to excoriate me in front of the nurses.他开始在护士面前痛斥我。
- His palms were excoriated by the hard labor of shoveling.他的手掌因干挖土的活儿而磨破了皮。
v.弹劾；检举
- We must impeach the judge for taking bribes.我们一定要检举法官收受贿赂。
- The committee decided to impeach the President.委员会决定弹劾总统。
v.指责，对…表示怀疑
- Nobody can impugn his ability.没有人对他的能力表示怀疑。
- The Secretary's letter questions my veracity and impugns my motives.部长的来信怀疑我的诚实，质疑我的动机。
v.痛骂
- A lot of his writings inveigh against luxury and riches.他的很多文章都痛批奢华与财富。
- The detective had,indeed,good reasons to inveigh against the bad luck which pursued him.说实在话，一点也不能怪费克斯咒骂他一再碰上的坏运气。
v.指责，非难，斥责 [反]praise
- He had to put up with a smart rebuke from the teacher.他不得不忍受老师的严厉指责。
- Even one minute's lateness would earn a stern rebuke.哪怕迟到一分钟也将受到严厉的斥责。
v.谴责，责难
- His conduct deserves to be reprehended.他的行为应受谴责。
- Dr. Thomas was reprehended for violating medical ethics.托玛士大夫因违反医德而受谴责。
n.无赖汉；堕落的人
- After the fall,god begins to do the work of differentiation between his elect and the reprobate.人堕落之后，上帝开始分辨选民与被遗弃的人。
- He disowned his reprobate son.他声明与堕落的儿子脱离关系。
v.辱骂，谩骂
- No man should reproach,revile,or slander another man.人们不应羞辱，辱骂或诽谤他人。|||Some Muslim communities in East Africa revile dogs because they believe that canines ate the body of the Prophet Muhammad.一些东非的穆斯林团体会辱骂狗，因为他们相信是它们吃了先知穆罕默德的尸体。
v.斥责，责骂，责备
- The old man upbraided him with ingratitude.那位老人斥责他忘恩负义。
- His wife set about upbraiding him for neglecting the children.他妻子开始指责他不照顾孩子。
v.向…欢呼，公认；n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞
- He was welcomed with great acclaim.他受到十分热烈的欢迎。
- His achievements earned him the acclaim of the scientific community.他的成就赢得了科学界的赞誉。
n.颂歌；v.赞美
- Kathy was very pleased to have graduated cum laud in her class.凯西在班上以优等成绩毕业，她为此而非常高兴。
- We laud him a warmhearted man.我们称赞他是个热心人。
v.赞扬，歌颂，晋升，提升
- She thanked the President to exalt her.她感谢总统提拔她。
- His work exalts all those virtues that we,as Americans,are taught to hold dear.他的作品颂扬了所有那些身为美国人应该珍视的美德。
v.赞美，颂扬
- We of the younger generation extol the wisdom of the great leader and educator.我们年轻一代崇拜那位伟大的引路人和教育家的智慧。
- Every day I will praise you and extol your name for ever and ever. 我要天天称颂你，也要永永远远赞美你的名。
vt.颂扬，赞美，使增光，美化
- Politicians have complained that the media glorify drugs.政治家们抱怨媒体美化毒品。
- We are all committed to serving the Lord and glorifying His name in the best way we know.我们全心全意敬奉上帝，竭尽所能颂扬他的美名。
vi.胡言乱语；热衷谈论；n.热情赞扬
- The drunkard began to rave again.这酒鬼又开始胡言乱语了。
- Now I understand why readers rave about this book.我现明白读者为何对这本书赞不绝口了。
n.推崇备至，赞扬
- Four restaurants have been awarded the highest accolade of a three-star rating.四家餐馆获授予三星级餐馆的最高荣誉称号。
- The Nobel prize has become the ultimate accolade in the sciences.诺贝尔奖已成为科学界的最高荣誉。
n.赞颂；颂词
- He pronounced a splendid encomium upon her in the forum.他在广场上为她作了华丽的赞颂。
- We hear only encomiums to it.我们只听到对它的溢美之词。
n.称赞；认可
- He tasted the wine of audience approbation.他尝到了像酒般令人陶醉的听众赞许滋味。
- The result has not met universal approbation.该结果尚未获得普遍认同。