英语听力文摘 English Digest 665 粉刺的学问
时间：2018-12-05 作者：英语课 分类：英语听力文摘 English Digest
英语课
The Science Of Acne
Acne: the scourge 1 of adolescence 2. Most people endure it at some point, and can’t wait to be rid of the combination of whiteheads, blackheads, pimples 4, and pustules that comprise the skin condition that affects over 80% of teenagers and nearly 20% of adults.
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What Is Acne?
Acne begins with the pores from which hair grows. These pores contain sebaceous glands 5 that produce a type of oil that lubricates hair and skin. When the glands produce the right amount of oil, there’s usually no trouble.
But, when a pore gets clogged 6 with too much oil and dead skin cells, problems arise. The onset 7 of puberty in most kids involves the production of hormones 8. These hormones cause the sebaceous glands to make excess oil. Too much oil clogs 9 pores and attracts bacteria, which feed on the oil and begin to multiply. A clogged pore can only stand so much internal pressure before its walls break, allowing the oil and bacteria to seep 10 under the surrounding skin. This gives rise to something every teen dreads 11: a pimple 3.
Acne Causes
Contrary to popular belief, eating foods such as pizza and chocolate does not cause or exacerbate 12 acne. Whether or not a person will have acne as a teenager or adult is largely a matter of genetics: if your parents had it, there’s a good chance you will too.
Although there is no cure for acne, simple remedies to prevent a build-up of oil in pores, such as washing your face with soap and warm water and using oil-free cosmetics 13, can help.
粉刺的学问
粉刺：青春期的灾难。许多人都在忍受它带来的麻烦，迫切地想要摆脱白头、黑头、丘疹、脓疱的困扰。这些问题滋扰着超过80%的年轻人和近20%的成人。
粉刺是什么？
粉刺在毛发生长的毛孔上出现，这些毛孔包含了皮脂腺，而皮脂腺能产生可以滋润毛发和皮肤的油。当这些腺体产生适量油脂的时候，通常不会出现问题。
但是，当一个毛孔被过多的油脂和死去的皮肤细胞堵塞，问题出现了。许多孩子的青春期伴随着荷尔蒙的产生。这些激素导致皮脂腺分泌多余的油脂。过多的油脂会堵塞毛孔并滋生细菌，细菌靠这些油脂生存和繁殖。一个堵塞的毛孔的承载量是有限的，当压力过大时毛壁会破裂，油脂和细菌会渗漏到附近的皮肤上。每个年轻人的噩梦----粉刺产生了。
粉刺的根源
不同于大众的认知，吃诸如披萨和巧克力之类的食物并不会导致或者恶化粉刺。不管是青少年还是成年人，人们产生粉刺的原因在于基因：如果你的父母有过粉刺，你很可能也会有。
尽管没有根治粉刺的方法，但有办法可以防止毛孔的油脂堆积：比如用温水和肥皂洗脸，使用不含油脂的化妆品。
1 scourge
n.灾难，祸害；v.蹂躏
- Smallpox was once the scourge of the world.天花曾是世界的大患。
- The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient.新老板来了以后，不称职的人就遭殃了。
2 adolescence
n.青春期，青少年
- Adolescence is the process of going from childhood to maturity.青春期是从少年到成年的过渡期。
- The film is about the trials and tribulations of adolescence.这部电影讲述了青春期的麻烦和苦恼。
3 pimple
n.丘疹，面泡，青春豆
- His face was covered with pimples.他满脸粉刺。
- This is also a way to prevent the pimple.这也是防止疙瘩的一个途径。
4 pimples
n.丘疹，粉刺，小脓疱( pimple的名词复数 )
- It gave me goose pimples just to think about it. 只是想到它我就起鸡皮疙瘩。
- His face has now broken out in pimples. 他脸上突然起了丘疹。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 clogged
（使）阻碍( clog的过去式和过去分词 )； 淤滞
- The narrow streets were clogged with traffic. 狭窄的街道上交通堵塞。
- The intake of gasoline was stopped by a clogged fuel line. 汽油的注入由于管道阻塞而停止了。
7 onset
n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始
- The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
- Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。
8 hormones
木屐； 木底鞋，木屐( clog的名词复数 )
- Clogs are part of the Netherlands national costume. 木屐是荷兰民族服装的一部分。
- Clogs are part of the Dutch traditional costume. 木屐是荷兰传统装束的一部分。
9 seep
v.渗出，渗漏；n.渗漏，小泉，水（油）坑
- My anger began to seep away.我的怒火开始消下去了。
- If meteoric water does not evaporate or run overland,it may seep directly into the ground.如果雨水不从陆地蒸发和流走的话，就可能直接渗入地下。
10 dreads
n.恐惧，畏惧( dread的名词复数 )；令人恐惧的事物v.害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的第三人称单数 )
- The little boy dreads going to bed in the dark. 这孩子不敢在黑暗中睡觉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- A burnt child dreads the fire. [谚]烧伤过的孩子怕火（惊弓之鸟，格外胆小）。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
11 exacerbate
v.恶化，增剧，激怒，使加剧
- WMO says a warming climate can exacerbate air pollution.世界气象组织说，气候变暖可能会加剧空气污染。
- In fact efforts will merely exacerbate the current problem.实际上努力只会加剧当前的问题。