英语听力文摘 English Digest 365、“不平等”的肌肉
时间：2019-02-16 作者：英语课 分类：英语听力文摘 English Digest
英语课
肌肉生而不等
Don:It’s not fair!
Yaël: What’s not fair?
D: I was rereading the Constitution of the United States. It says here that “All people are created equal.”That’s just not true!
Y:What do you mean?
D: Well, it’s always being my dream to become the Olympic champion in the 100-meter-dash. But no matter how hard I train, I’m just not fast enough.
Y:You just realize this now.
D:Some guys are simply faster than everyone else.
Y:That’s because some people are born with more faster twitch muscle fiber 1 than others.
D:With what?
Y:That’s a big part of what make people faster than others. Muscles are made of two kinds of fibers 2–fast twitch and slow twitch.
D:What’s the difference?
Y:Slow-twitch fibers use energy aerobically 3 and can work for long periods of time before getting tired.
D:So they can contract more slowly, but can keep going without burning themselves out.
Y:Right! Slow twitch fibers have a lot of myoglobin, a protein that helps transfer oxygen into the mitochondria, the power houses of the cell that produce cellular 4 energy.
D:So Marathon runners must have a lot of slow twitch muscle fibers.
Y:Exactly, since they have to keep going for long periods.
D:So sprinters have a lot of fast twitch muscle fiber.
Y:Right! Fast twitch fibers consume energy quickly and are good for short, powerful bursts of movement like sprinting 5 and jumping. World-class sprinters typically have about 80% fast twitch muscle fiber.
D:Luck dogs!
Y:And, of course, they train incredibly hard to develop their natural gifts. Olympic gold is not won by muscle fiber alone.
D:But it certainly helps!
短跑“外星人”博尔特
Don:真不公平！
Yaël:什么不公平？
D:我又读了一遍《美国宪法》，上面写着：“人人生而平等。”事实并非如此!
Y:你想说什么？
D:成为奥运会的百米短跑冠军一直是我的梦想。可是，无论我多么努力，我就是跑不了那么快。
Y:你才意识到啊！
D:有些人就是比别人都跑得快。
Y:那是因为他们天生比他人多快收缩肌纤维。
D:有更多什么？
Y:快收缩肌纤维大大地决定了跑步速度。肌肉有两种纤维构成：快收缩肌肉纤维和慢收缩肌肉纤维。
D:有什么不同吗？
Y:慢收缩肌肉纤维用于有氧耗能，适合耐力性运动。
D: 所以慢收缩肌肉纤维收缩更慢，但是持续时间更长。
Y:说的对，因为马拉松耗能耗时长。
D:那么，短跑健将有很多快收缩肌肉纤维了。
Y:没错！慢收缩肌肉纤维富含肌红蛋白。肌红蛋白可帮助肌细胞将氧转运到线粒体，而线粒体是细胞能源工厂。
D:那么，马拉松选手肯定有很多慢收缩肌肉纤维了。
Y:对，快收缩肌肉纤维耗能快，特别适合短而有力的爆发性动作，比如短跑和跳跃，世界级短跑健将体内80%肌肉都是快收缩肌肉纤维。
D:真是幸福！
Y:当然，他们不仅仅靠天赋，还有艰苦地训练来完善技能。获得奥运金牌可并非肌肉纤维就可以。
D:但是不得不承认肌肉纤维起了作用。
Don:It’s not fair!
Yaël: What’s not fair?
D: I was rereading the Constitution of the United States. It says here that “All people are created equal.”That’s just not true!
Y:What do you mean?
D: Well, it’s always being my dream to become the Olympic champion in the 100-meter-dash. But no matter how hard I train, I’m just not fast enough.
Y:You just realize this now.
D:Some guys are simply faster than everyone else.
Y:That’s because some people are born with more faster twitch muscle fiber 1 than others.
D:With what?
Y:That’s a big part of what make people faster than others. Muscles are made of two kinds of fibers 2–fast twitch and slow twitch.
D:What’s the difference?
Y:Slow-twitch fibers use energy aerobically 3 and can work for long periods of time before getting tired.
D:So they can contract more slowly, but can keep going without burning themselves out.
Y:Right! Slow twitch fibers have a lot of myoglobin, a protein that helps transfer oxygen into the mitochondria, the power houses of the cell that produce cellular 4 energy.
D:So Marathon runners must have a lot of slow twitch muscle fibers.
Y:Exactly, since they have to keep going for long periods.
D:So sprinters have a lot of fast twitch muscle fiber.
Y:Right! Fast twitch fibers consume energy quickly and are good for short, powerful bursts of movement like sprinting 5 and jumping. World-class sprinters typically have about 80% fast twitch muscle fiber.
D:Luck dogs!
Y:And, of course, they train incredibly hard to develop their natural gifts. Olympic gold is not won by muscle fiber alone.
D:But it certainly helps!
短跑“外星人”博尔特
Don:真不公平！
Yaël:什么不公平？
D:我又读了一遍《美国宪法》，上面写着：“人人生而平等。”事实并非如此!
Y:你想说什么？
D:成为奥运会的百米短跑冠军一直是我的梦想。可是，无论我多么努力，我就是跑不了那么快。
Y:你才意识到啊！
D:有些人就是比别人都跑得快。
Y:那是因为他们天生比他人多快收缩肌纤维。
D:有更多什么？
Y:快收缩肌纤维大大地决定了跑步速度。肌肉有两种纤维构成：快收缩肌肉纤维和慢收缩肌肉纤维。
D:有什么不同吗？
Y:慢收缩肌肉纤维用于有氧耗能，适合耐力性运动。
D: 所以慢收缩肌肉纤维收缩更慢，但是持续时间更长。
Y:说的对，因为马拉松耗能耗时长。
D:那么，短跑健将有很多快收缩肌肉纤维了。
Y:没错！慢收缩肌肉纤维富含肌红蛋白。肌红蛋白可帮助肌细胞将氧转运到线粒体，而线粒体是细胞能源工厂。
D:那么，马拉松选手肯定有很多慢收缩肌肉纤维了。
Y:对，快收缩肌肉纤维耗能快，特别适合短而有力的爆发性动作，比如短跑和跳跃，世界级短跑健将体内80%肌肉都是快收缩肌肉纤维。
D:真是幸福！
Y:当然，他们不仅仅靠天赋，还有艰苦地训练来完善技能。获得奥运金牌可并非肌肉纤维就可以。
D:但是不得不承认肌肉纤维起了作用。
Constitution of the United States:《美国宪法》
dash：短跑
fiber:纤维
aerobical：有氧的
n.纤维，纤维质
- The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
- The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
光纤( fiber的名词复数 )； （织物的）质地； 纤维，纤维物质
- Thesolution of collagen-PVA was wet spined with the sodium sulfate as coagulant and collagen-PVA composite fibers were prepared. 在此基础上，以硫酸钠为凝固剂，对胶原-PVA共混溶液进行湿法纺丝，制备了胶原-PVA复合纤维。
- Sympathetic fibers are distributed to all regions of the heart. 交感神经纤维分布于心脏的所有部分。
adv.aerobic（需氧的，需气的，生存于氧气中的）的变形
- Nitrate was aerobically reduced to nitrite. 硝酸盐去氧后转化为亚硝酸盐。 来自互联网
- The main thing is to pick something you can aerobically, and do it! 重要的是挑个有氧活动，并且去做！ 来自互联网
adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的
- She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
- Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。