时间:2019-02-14 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   要将中餐菜单翻译成英文,就先得了解中餐菜名的构成及命名方法。中餐菜名通常由原料名称,烹制方法、菜肴的色香味形器、菜肴的创始人或发源地等构成。这种反映菜肴内容和特色的命名方法叫做写实性命名法,此外还有反映菜肴深刻含义的写意性命名法。


  由于汉语和英语的差异很大,我们在把中餐菜名由中文译成英文的时候,应该采用写实性命名法,尽量将菜肴的原料、烹制方法、菜肴的味型等翻译出来,让客人一目了然。将以下几点"公式"(中英文对照)介绍如下,以供大家参考。
  一、以主料开头的翻译方法
  1、介绍菜肴的主料和辅料:
  公式:主料(形状)+(with)辅料
  例:杏仁鸡丁chicken cubes with almond
  牛肉豆腐beef with bean curd 1
  西红柿炒蛋Scrambled 2 egg with tomato
  2、介绍菜肴的主料和味汁:
  公式:主料(形状)+(with,in)味汁
  例:芥末鸭掌duck webs with mustard sauce
  葱油鸡chicken in Scallion oil
  米酒鱼卷fish rolls with rice wine
  二、以烹制方法开头的翻译方法
  1、介绍菜肴的烹法和主料:
  公式:烹法+主料(形状)
  例:软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet
  烤乳猪roast suckling pig
  炒鳝片Stir-fried eel 3 slices
  2、介绍菜肴的烹法和主料、辅料
  公式:烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料
  仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger 4
  3、介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁:
  公式:烹法+主料(形状)+(with,in)味汁
  例:红烧牛肉braised beef with brown sauce
  鱼香肉丝fried shredded 5 pork with Sweet and sour sauce
  清炖猪蹄stewed 6 pig hoof 7 in clean soup
  三、以形状或口感开头的翻译方法
  1、介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料
  公式:形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料
  例:芝麻酥鸡crisp chicken with sesame
  陈皮兔丁diced 8 rabbit with orange peel
  时蔬鸡片sliced chicken with seasonal 9 vegetables
  2、介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料
  公式:口感+烹法+主料
  例:香酥排骨crisp fried spareribs
  水煮嫩鱼tender stewed fish
  香煎鸡块fragrant 10 fried chicken
  3、介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁
  公式:形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁
  例:茄汁鱼片sliced fish with tomato sauce
  椒麻鸡块cutlets chicken with hot pepper
  黄酒脆皮虾仁crisp shrimps 11 with rice wine sauce
  四、以人名或地名开头的翻译方法
  1、介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料
  公式:人名(地名)+主料
  例:麻婆豆腐Ma Po beancurd
  四川水饺Sichuan boiled dumpling
  2、介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料
  公式:人名(地名)+烹法+主料
  例:东坡煨肘DongPo stewed pork joint 12
  北京烤鸭Roast Beijing Duck
  在中餐菜名翻译成英文的过程中,可以采用多种不同的方法,而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度入手进行翻译。例如,川菜中的"宫保鸡丁"这道菜就有以下几种译法:
  1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts
  2.Gongbao chicken cubes
  3.diced chicken with chilli and peanuts
  由此可见,中餐菜名的英译方法是灵活多变的。至于我们在翻译中应该采用哪种方法,可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。不过根据笔者的经验,只要掌握了第一种以主料开头的翻译方法,对其它种类的翻译方法便可以触类旁通,我们只需根据文中所列出的翻译公式去相应作一些交换就行了。

n.凝乳;凝乳状物
  • I'd like to add some pepper to the bean curd.我想在豆腐里加一点辣椒粉。
  • The next one is bean curd with crab roe.下一个是蟹黄豆腐。
v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 );攀登;争夺;(军事飞机)紧急起飞
  • Each scrambled for the football at the football ground. 足球场上你争我夺。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • He scrambled awkwardly to his feet. 他笨拙地爬起身来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.鳗鲡
  • He used an eel spear to catch an eel.他用一只捕鳗叉捕鳗鱼。
  • In Suzhou,there was a restaurant that specialized in eel noodles.苏州有一家饭馆,他们那里的招牌菜是鳗鱼面。
n.姜,精力,淡赤黄色;adj.淡赤黄色的;vt.使活泼,使有生气
  • There is no ginger in the young man.这个年轻人没有精神。
  • Ginger shall be hot in the mouth.生姜吃到嘴里总是辣的。
shred的过去式和过去分词
  • Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce. 先铺一层碎生菜叶,再把鱼放上,就可以上桌了。
  • I think Mapo beancurd and shredded meat in chilli sauce are quite special. 我觉得麻婆豆腐和鱼香肉丝味道不错。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.焦虑不安的,烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 );煨;思考;担忧
  • When all birds are shot, the bow will be set aside;when all hares are killed, the hounds will be stewed and eaten -- kick out sb. after his services are no longer needed. 鸟尽弓藏,兔死狗烹。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • \"How can we cook in a pan that's stewed your stinking stockings? “染臭袜子的锅,还能煮鸡子吃!还要它?” 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
n.(马,牛等的)蹄
  • Suddenly he heard the quick,short click of a horse's hoof behind him.突然间,他听见背后响起一阵急骤的马蹄的得得声。
  • I was kicked by a hoof.我被一只蹄子踢到了。
v.将…切成小方块,切成丁( dice的过去式和过去分词 )
  • The meat should be finely diced for this dish. 做这种菜肴肉必须细细切成小方块。 来自辞典例句
  • Arther diced himself into debt. 亚瑟因掷骰子而负了债。 来自辞典例句
adj.季节的,季节性的
  • The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
  • The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
adj.芬香的,馥郁的,愉快的
  • The Fragrant Hills are exceptionally beautiful in late autumn.深秋的香山格外美丽。
  • The air was fragrant with lavender.空气中弥漫薰衣草香。
n.虾,小虾( shrimp的名词复数 );矮小的人
  • Shrimps are a popular type of seafood. 小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I'm going to have shrimps for my tea. 傍晚的便餐我要吃点虾。 来自辞典例句
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
标签: 翻译 技巧
学英语单词
acroama
aecocs
angiocardiopathy
archaeols
Bambel
Basauri
batarism
black calla
black opals
British Chamber of Shipping
bromometric titration
cheer-leaders
chesnais
coagulases
coefficient of visocosity
colored crayon
cone baffle classifier
cyclophoruss
desk organiser
detainees
dividend payable in capital stock
downhill
drug legislation
efter
Elizabeth Pt.
eluents
emblazoning
embolismatical
environmental simulation test
Equitable Distribution
experimentalizing
Eyre, L.
fair-price shop
fallacy of division
first grading
five - o'clock
fork structure of bubble device
fortran based graphics package
freely rotating polymer chain
frequency channel
germinating and growing in water
Hardheim
have one's tail up
headtilt
High Definition Multimedia Interface
high-mass x-ray binary
hydraulic-ram
induction electrical log
industry jargon
internuclear separation
iterative programming
job hunting
kusnitz
Lake Taiye
late-payment
leuk(a)emic
long vernier
lotze
Luke Air Force Base
Lycaeon
manjuice
mild-to-moderate
military communication satellite
milk protein
Monsec
multi-body position fixing
musharraf
mutual magnetic flux
net operating time
not the ghost of an idea
Nozaki-jima
off-field
onychitis
Paronychieae
receded disk impeller
redox analyser
respiration anesthesia
rosbif
salt cake pan
scutes
sea of instability
sheriffry
sign of aggregation
slantiness
speed change valve
sprout inhibition
sun worship
termination phase
thermophilic bacterium
touchprint
transportation advertising
turks head rolls
vacuum ion pump
vacuum steel
Valkyrs
variable bindings
vvips
welding torch pipe
wintersome
wiremen
ziphioid
zoophile