时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

   语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,以英语为例,英语有五种基本语调:升调(?)、降调(?)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例:


  1)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
  B:Sorry?(?)
  Jean用升调说“Sorry”,其意思是“I didn’t hear you.Could 1 you say that again,please?”
  我们再看下句:
  2)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
  B:Sorry.(?)
  在对话2)中,Jean用降调说“Sorry”,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
  美国著名语言学家Kenneth L.Pike认为:
  一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的,而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是非常重要的。
  英语有四级能区别意义的调高:
  1)特高调(extra high),即比正常的声调高两级,常在感情特别激动或惊讶时使用。
  2)高调(high),即比正常的声调高一级,一般用于语句中关键性的重读词。
  3)中调(mid),即说话人声音的正常高度。
  4)低调(low),即比正常的声调低一级,
  一般是降调的最低点。
  应该按照说话人的态度来分语调模式,而不能按照句子的语法结构来分。没有所谓“疑问句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”。因为疑问句和陈述句都可以用各种语调模式来说。

v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
标签: 语调
学英语单词
a juicer
ab farad
admiralty g.
amyloamylose
Anderson-Brinkman-Morel state
anti-downdraught terminal
antithrombotic
apparent emissivity
append to existing
arthritic, arthritical
Attapulgus
balzar
Bathurst, L.
battlefield reporting
Bauska
bch(bose-chadhuri hocquen-hem)error correction codes
berlinsky
brothy
busan
Buzias
camera with eyepiece
canted nozzle
channelopathy
closing appliance
coal sample
combat trousers
commodity warrant
crash coverage
CTDI
delivered at container collection depot
dichloroethylenes
direct lithography
distortion function
dolmeh
drinks down
edge blower
eigen-mobility
Elaeagnus moorcroftii
enterprise management of dye-stuffs industry
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt
FABPs
fluid sealant
front-vowel
fuel-burning
fully-graded aggregate
granitizing
hatchcover
healthcare measure
Heloniopsis acutifolia
Hergenroth
Homobasidiomycetidae
hooked riveting with lock rivet
house feeding
hug oneself for
hydrocabon group
immobilization (-sation)
incidence of compliance
International Control Commission
intersil 6120
jana
Japanese encephalitis virus
Kannauj
ledge support
level of the language
link
Mahometanize
mercurous oxide
molecular thermometer
molten lead heat treating
necrotic myelitis
negative-resistance device
officialism
operating system overhead
order Nudibranchia
over-borrowing
Physalis pubescens L.
piper-heidsieck
potato disease
prisoner of war enclosure
program control hardware
Rayleigh region
reduce the price
reflection marker
reflex amaurosis
rubrum phenolis
Rånåsfoss
schizosepalous calyx
screw core
seeing stone
slad
sodium plumbite treatment
submergence of ground
superlogarithm
talk jockey
Toroni
Truandó, R.
two-compartment floodability
Uam-ri
unilateral administrative act
urban tribe
windtunnel instrumentation
zinfandels