感受英语的形态美
英语课
一、对称美:对称是将两种相斥相异或相关的事物加以并列对称地建构而产生的视象。英语的对称美表现在句式的搭配上,它所显示出的平衡,不论是在视觉上,还是在语感上,都给人以和谐、统一之美。多数英语谚语即有明显的对称特征,语流顺畅,朗朗上口,借以促进记忆,强化警醒和训戒的育人功能。
1.Easy come,easy go.来得容易去得快。
2.No pains,no gains.不劳无获。
3.No mill, no meal.不磨面,没饭吃
4.Many men,many minds.人多心不齐。
5.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见,心不念。
6. Nothing venture ,nothing have.不入虎穴,焉得虎子
7.Soon ripe,soon rotten.熟得快,烂得快。
8.Diamond cut diamond,crook 1 cut crook.棋逢对手。
9.No cross, no crown. 无苦即无乐
10.First come, first served. 先到的先招待
11.Like father, like son. 有其父,必有其子
12.Well fed, well bred. 吃得饱,懂礼貌
13.Harm set, harm get.害人反害已
14. A good neighbor, a good morrow. 好邻生好景
对称美同样表现在短语中,这些短语形态工整,语音连绵,如day by day(逐日),day after day (每日),one by one (逐个),bit by bit (一点点地),little by little (渐渐地),step by step (逐步地),by and by (逐渐),side by side (并排),on and on (继续),word for word (逐词地),out and out (十足的),inch by inch (一点一点地),like for like (以牙还牙),like attracts like (物以类聚),wheels within wheels (复杂的结构)。尤其是以人体部位作为对称元素的短语,形象生动,意义明了:face (nose) to face (nose) (面对面),back to back (背靠背),hand in hand (手拉手),arm in arm (挽手),mouth to mouth(嘴对嘴),heart to heart (交心),neck and neck (并驾齐驱),eye to eye (赞同),head to head (交头接耳),shoulder to shoulder (并肩)。
二、对比美:对比是把相反的词、短语或从句用平行或对称的结构排列起来,以表达相反或相对的意思,使两层意思互相对照,达到加强语气的目的。对比的特征表现为结构对称,意义对照,形式整齐匀称,内容反衬对照,音、形、义都富于形象感。对比在广告中比较普通,例如:
1.Tear out!Fill in.Fax now...(Maclean杂志征订广告)
2.Ceramic 2 tiles are extremely easy to clean and extremely difficult to damage.(瓷砖广告)
3.Warehouse 3 Clearance 4.Their Loss,Your Gain.(清仓甩卖广告)
4.No business too small, no problem too big.(IBM公司广告)
5.To me,the past is black and white,but the future is always color.(轩尼诗酒)
英语标题中的对比是利用词义的相反或相对来突出文章的内容,形象地阐明深奥的道理,揭示事物的本质。如Then and Now(名流回首);Little Book’s Big Author(写小文章的大作家);“Up-Titling” Keeps Workers Poor but Happy(有衔饮水饱);Cocksure Women and Hensure Men(自信的女人与温驯的男人);New Ideas for an Old Crop(古老作物的新出路)。请看例句:
1.United we stand, divided we fall. 合则存,分则亡。
2.Art is long,life is short.艺术是永恒的,生命是短暂的。
3.The empire, long divided, must unite; long united, must divide.分久必合,合久必分。
4.Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.并非我不爱恺撒,而是我更爱罗马。(莎士比亚《尤里西斯.恺撒》)
5.Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country. 不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么。(美国总统肯尼迪)
三、平行美:平行结构由两个或两个以上结构完全相同或非常类似的句子构成,并且句子或句子之间的联系由于语义上的一致和句法关系的相关得到加强。因此,平行结构句式整齐匀称,能清晰地表达思想,酣畅淋漓地抒发感情,阐明观点,突出语义,节奏感和韵律感强,而且具有很强的语篇功能,使人读来印象至深。请看英国散文作家亨特的“A Few Thoughts on Sleep”的最后一小段:
Sleep is most graceful 5 in an infant;soundest, in one who has been tired in the open air;completest, to the seaman 6 after a hard voyage; most welcome, to the mind haunted with one idea;most touching 7 to look at, in the parent that has wept;lightest, in the playful child;proudest, in the bride adored.婴儿的睡眠,最为优美;疲劳的人在户外睡眠,最为酣畅;水手在艰苦航程之后的睡眠,最为圆满;为某种意念所苦的人,对睡眠最为欢迎;哭泣后的母亲的睡眠,最动人心弦;一个顽皮小孩的睡眠,最为轻松;一个深受爱慕的新娘的睡眠,最为骄傲。
上述片断以不绝的平行句式与优美的笔触描述了睡眠之优美、睡眠之酣畅和睡眠之圆满。标题中的平行句也毫不逊色,如Work Is Human, To Slack Divine(碌碌人间景,闲在神仙境);Clothes Make the Man, Midriff Makes the Pop Stars(时尚无常难追赶);It’s Not What You Do, It’s How You Got There(重要的是:你是怎么干上的);Shake It of and Step Up(身临绝境)。
四、简捷美:言辞简练,以小见大,以少胜多,追求高度的凝练、简约之美,达到一种言简意赅的美的境界。英语的简捷之美突出表现在广告语中,其语言特点是言辞简短,用词浅显,表意准确,吸引受众,表现出清晰明快的凝练美。例如:
1. Just do it.只管去做。(耐克运动鞋)
2. Ask for more.渴望无限。(百事流行鞋)
3. The taste is great.味道好极了。(雀巢咖啡)
4. Feel the new space.感受新境界。(三星电子)
5. Intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎,无处不在。(摩托罗拉手机)
6. Good to the last drop.滴滴香浓,意犹未尽。(麦斯威尔咖啡)
7. Obey your thirst.服从你的渴望。(雪碧)
8. The new digital era.数码新时代。(索尼影碟机)
9. Impossible made possible.使不可能变为可能。(佳能打印机)
10. Take time to indulge.尽情享受吧!(雀巢冰激凌)
广告是为了某种特定的需要,通过一定形式的媒介物,公开而广泛地向社会传递信息。因而以上几则广告所用词汇长度都不超过四、五个字母,其词义是每个普通受众都能明白的,体现了广告英语浅显易懂的特点。
英文标题一般言简意繁,传情达意。例如: $ 20,000 GEMS 8 STOLEN(价值两万元的珍宝被盗);LABOUR SPLIT ON PRICES(关于物价问题工党内部意见分歧);Four Killed and Five Hurt in a House Fire(房屋起火五伤四亡);Soccer kicks off with Violence(足球开赛脚踢拳打)。
v.使弯曲;n.小偷,骗子,贼;弯曲(处)
- He demanded an apology from me for calling him a crook.我骂他骗子,他要我向他认错。
- She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow.她用手臂挎着一个小包裹。
n.制陶业,陶器,陶瓷工艺
- The order for ceramic tiles has been booked in.瓷砖的订单已登记下来了。
- Some ceramic works of art are shown in this exhibition.这次展览会上展出了一些陶瓷艺术品。
n.仓库;vt.存入仓库
- We freighted the goods to the warehouse by truck.我们用卡车把货物运到仓库。
- The manager wants to clear off the old stocks in the warehouse.经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。
n.净空;许可(证);清算;清除,清理
- There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
- The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。
adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的
- His movements on the parallel bars were very graceful.他的双杠动作可帅了!
- The ballet dancer is so graceful.芭蕾舞演员的姿态是如此的优美。
n.海员,水手,水兵
- That young man is a experienced seaman.那个年轻人是一个经验丰富的水手。
- The Greek seaman went to the hospital five times.这位希腊海员到该医院去过五次。
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