时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   怎样使一篇英语文章的语言丰富、不枯燥也许令很多英语初学者头疼。原因大体分为:一是由于自己的单词量不大,写来写去总是几个句型和熟得不能再熟的单词,怎么看怎么像小学生作文一样提不起高度。二是尽管背了很多单词,但只处于认知的高度,怎样使用就不会了。这就是我们常说的“吃”了很多但“倒不出来”。所以,有一些同学因此产生逆反心理,认为学好英语尤其是英语写作简直比登天还难,自信心受挫。那么,怎样在英语写作中巧妙运用单词,达到妙笔生花呢?今天我们从刚当选美国总统的奥巴马演讲中的几个片断来分析一下英语词汇的运用。


  If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders 1 is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. (如果现在仍然有人在那里怀疑着美国是不是任何事情都可能发生的地方,疑惑于我们国家的缔造者们的梦想是否还鲜活地存在于这个时代,对我们民主的力量打上问号的话,今夜就是你的答案。)
  奥巴马胜利演讲词的第一部分用了一个气势恢宏的排比句,句子中的三个谓语动词值得我们学习:doubt、wonder、question。这三个词意相近,指怀疑。为了避免词语的重复使用,运用了三个近义词,这种现象在英语写作中称为variety,多样性。在写作中我们可以通过意译,paraphrase 2来练习。比如,我们刚刚学到了一个词语,important,重要,那么除了这一个词,还有其他的表达方式吗?significant,是和important 互换率最高的词语。…come from everything else、put…first、 play a role in…等都是与“重要”意思相近的短语,大家在写作中应该学着交换使用。
  那么这些表达我们怎么在平时积累到呢?
  首先,需要一本好字典。单词的释义一定要有英英解释,并且最好能把它背下来。推荐大家使用牛津高阶词典和柯林斯词典。比如刚才提到的important在柯林斯词典里的英文解释是 significant, high-valued and necessary。
  It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor… It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical 3 and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.(这是美国人共同说出的答案,无论老还是少,富还是穷,长久以来,很多人一再被告知,要对我们所能取得的成绩极尽讥讽、担忧和怀疑之能事,但这个答案让这些人伸出手来把握历史之弧,并再次使它朝向美好明天的希望延伸。)
  这句话里young and old、rich and poor指代老少、穷富之人,cynical、 fearful, doubtful 是形容一些人的态度,讥讽,担忧和怀疑。看起来简单,但如让同学们自己表达的话,可能就不这么精确了。这在英语写作中叫平行结构,和中文的对偶对仗有点类似。如果前面一句你用youngsters and old people、rich people and who are poor,虽然意思没变,但语言不工整也不精炼。
  平行结构在英语写作中应用广泛,大家要学会找到哪些地方需要平行结构并且怎样保持其语法结构的一致。做个练习:Bitterly、angrily、and with tears in her eyes、 Jane finally retired 4. Bitterly, angrily 和with tears in her eyes都是形容Jane退休时的心情,那么我们是否可以试着把它们三个变成同样的语法结构?Bitterly、angrily and tearfully、Jane finally retired. 这样一来,语言工整顺畅得多了。
  And I would not be standing 5 here without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years, the rock of my family, the love of my life, the nation’s next first lady, Michelle Obama.
  这是奥巴马对于他妻子的致谢之辞。I would not be standing here without是一个常用的致谢词,表示没有…的支持就不会有今天的成就,我们可以借鉴来,把它看作写作中的一种强调句式。比如,米是中国人不可缺少的食物这句话,可以说Rice is indispensible to Chinese people. 或是再强调一些的话就可以说 People in China cannot live one day without rice. Unyielding 这个词的意思是strong、fixed,常用于书面语,翻译成强有力的或不懈的。比如:His unyielding attitude on this subject was that since he had done it, so could everyone.
  最后让我们来看看他是怎样形容挚爱,the rock of my family,the love of my life. 家庭的基石,一生的挚爱。对于另一半的称呼就像中文一样,英文中也有很多,比如 light of my life、better half、perfect match, etc.
  一些同学总是抱怨找不到正宗的外语资料,也没有语言环境;其实是没有用心去找。比如这篇著名的演讲,即可以作为阅读文章又可以作为大家写作的范文,还可以作为听力资料。关键在于同学们能否意识到并且踏实去研究。

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )
  • He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
  • The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句
vt.将…释义,改写;n.释义,意义
  • You may read the prose paraphrase of this poem.你可以看一下这首诗的散文释义。
  • Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。
adj.(对人性或动机)怀疑的,不信世道向善的
  • The enormous difficulty makes him cynical about the feasibility of the idea.由于困难很大,他对这个主意是否可行持怀疑态度。
  • He was cynical that any good could come of democracy.他不相信民主会带来什么好处。
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
标签: 写作
学英语单词
access manager
acquired immune deficiency syndromes
adiabatic curve
ailurophiles
amplified interpretation
Ant-Vireo
Antonia
atomic angular momentum
attachment flange
automatic bypass valve
babyishly
baitshops
Bembridae
bemeant
Blastocladiales
censor out
ciprofibrate
colour-serjeant
comb ... hair
concho-grass
crinkley
daemonophobia
Decaspermum esquirolii
Dryopteris fragrans
eaved
Europa, Pta.de
evaporator strip holder
farras
ferroprotoporphyrin
froth flotation
fuddling
full wave rectifier
genus Placuna
grease pits
half-height drive
have someone's guts for garters
Hawtrey, Mt.
holes in pattern
in-thing
indirect discrimination
indirect-arc furnace
istake measure
japao
katsuwonus pelamiss
keramite (mullite)
license plate
longbeards
lounge around
manual removal
marjayouns
meet sb halfway
methyl p-methyl benzoate
model following
mucopolysaccharide-N-acetylneuraminylhydrolase
none-kin
nonsonorous
odd moment
offskip
oil flinger
on my case
otelo
pancratic lens
Periyār R.
perpetuum mobile of the first kind
piledriver
pole jumps
product introduction
pronouncement of judgment
pulse-phase system
quarion
REA Rural Electrification Administration
recursive descent parser
scabricola ocellata
scheduling model
schlottmann
scurfy
sealing effect
secondary homonym
secondary metal
self-operated control valve
sociology departments
squeeze mouding machine
sridevi
standard hour system
statutory assignee
styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
sufferances
taper thimble
thin-layer chromatogram
transmission-utilization ratio
trintignant
tubular(tracheal)sound
two-pence
underutilize
unheled
V and T
vapo(u)rizability
Vicia tenuifolia
wagon control computer
wire rope detector
year dot
zabras