时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   被动语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。


  一、被动语态考点聚焦
  (一)被动语态的概念:
  不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
  (二)被动语态的构成方式:
  be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。
  (三)被动语态的基本用法:
  (1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
  ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句:
  My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
  An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
  I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
  ②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
  The boss made him work all day long.
  He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
  ③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。
  The children were taken good care of (by her)。
  Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
  ④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
  ⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
  (A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。
  (B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
  People say he is a smart boy.
  It is said that he is a smart boy.
  He is said to be a smart boy.
  People know paper was made in China first.
  It is known 1 that paper was made in China first.
  Paper was known to be made in China first.
  类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
  (2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。
  ①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
  ②表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
  ③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。
  ④表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
  ⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
  ⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
  ⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
  (3)主动形式表被动意义。
  ①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
  This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
  These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。
  My pen writes smoothly 2.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
  The door won’t lock.门锁不上。
  The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
  ②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
  The plan worked out successfully 3.
  The lamps on the wall turn off.
  ③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
  ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
  ⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
  另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
  (4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
  ①be seated坐着 ②be hidden躲藏 ③be lost迷路 ④be drunk 4喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着
  (5)被动语态与系表结构的区别
  被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如:
  The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表结构)

adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
  • He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
  • He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
adv.圆满地;顺利地;成功地
  • The meeting passed off successfully.会议开得很成功。
  • At last we successfully put through the business deal.最终我们成功地完成了这桩交易。
adj.醉酒的;(喻)陶醉的;n.酗酒者,醉汉
  • People who drives when they are drunk should be heavily penalised.醉酒驾车的人应受重罚。
  • She found him drunk when she came home at night.她晚上回家时,经常发现他醉醺醺的。
标签: 职称英语 语法
学英语单词
absolute elsewhere
accept full responsibility for
active application
adneural
adsobability
advertocracy
alkali-resistant enamel
anallergenic Serum
armature cord lamination
arunta des.
askarels
aspor
ate up with
be young in the trade
boni
brucine sulfate
BTZ
bull's eye riveting
bumper strap
capisce
carbon support
chiarenzana (italy)
chiropody
Chlanidote
class-c
code of ethics and professional conduct
commercial waste
cost prices
Curst.
dissolutious
district man
entourage effects
Euonymus nanoides
extent of crime
extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm
faulty prosthesis
ferrite modulator
flow chart convention
genus musteluss
got off my chest
graduating class
grandfather's clocks
Grigel
hacks away
Hampsthwaite
hand operating crank
hematogenous osteomyelitis
herbarize
heterophonies
high speed skip
hydro-cleaning installation
information model
intermediate chordotonal organ
jazz fusion
jospins
Kayser-Fleischer sign
laphria azurea
light sensitive tube
light-running fit
Malgaigne's luxation
naphthylene
nated
necked grain
neisser-sachs' method
nonarcheological
norm of vector
nose with control wing
nosil
object-oriented programing languages
Octacosactid
offsaddled
one-energy-storage network
out-footing
paramiographer
percussion mark
physical ton of cargo
powder dyes
prestrobe delay
propugnacles
protein sorting signal
rapid stream
receiving directivity
Rubus mallotifolius
schneider electric
sesquisulphide
set something on his feet
shielas
signal-to-jamming ratio
space-time correlation
square hole
stage game
Sulfoguenil
trash beater
triple-pass scanner
two-crystal spectrometer
vehicle-borne measurement
volitional movement
Warnerian
Web Services Transaction
weighted random early detection
wild snapdragon
works-in-progress