时间:2019-02-13 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   被动语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。


  一、被动语态考点聚焦
  (一)被动语态的概念:
  不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
  (二)被动语态的构成方式:
  be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。
  (三)被动语态的基本用法:
  (1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
  ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句:
  My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
  An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
  I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
  ②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
  The boss made him work all day long.
  He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
  ③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。
  The children were taken good care of (by her)。
  Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
  ④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
  ⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
  (A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。
  (B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
  People say he is a smart boy.
  It is said that he is a smart boy.
  He is said to be a smart boy.
  People know paper was made in China first.
  It is known 1 that paper was made in China first.
  Paper was known to be made in China first.
  类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
  (2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。
  ①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
  ②表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
  ③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。
  ④表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
  ⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
  ⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
  ⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
  (3)主动形式表被动意义。
  ①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
  This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
  These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。
  My pen writes smoothly 2.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
  The door won’t lock.门锁不上。
  The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
  ②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
  The plan worked out successfully 3.
  The lamps on the wall turn off.
  ③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
  ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
  ⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。 This kind of water isn’t fit to drink. The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
  另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
  (4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
  ①be seated坐着 ②be hidden躲藏 ③be lost迷路 ④be drunk 4喝醉 ⑤be dressed穿着
  (5)被动语态与系表结构的区别
  被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如:
  The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表结构)

adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
  • He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
  • He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
adv.圆满地;顺利地;成功地
  • The meeting passed off successfully.会议开得很成功。
  • At last we successfully put through the business deal.最终我们成功地完成了这桩交易。
adj.醉酒的;(喻)陶醉的;n.酗酒者,醉汉
  • People who drives when they are drunk should be heavily penalised.醉酒驾车的人应受重罚。
  • She found him drunk when she came home at night.她晚上回家时,经常发现他醉醺醺的。
标签: 职称英语 语法
学英语单词
-ica
Achārjlihi
acute angioneurotic edema
aldosteronopenia
Amherst, Jeffrey
Ashikita
automatic control unit
barbican
baron georges cuviers
base stations
baulk
bendixen
bumper book
bundle up
Chergui, Aftoût ech
comb-footed spider
course surface
creative activity
cupola bessemer electric process
desargination
dielectrocardiogram
donning
Dresdenware
etherobacillin
Ethylsuccinate
family Haemulidae
file event
filtering media
flexural critical speed
food conversion factor
functorial
gob line
heat seat
Hemangiomatous
high-Q inductor
hoaxes
iguacu
Jimmy Cagney
jobbish
Khamar-Daban, Khrebet
kneifert
left atrial wall plication
Lippman fringes
liver-blood deficiency
Lochalsh
machens
map color atlas
maritime radio telephone
mechanical selector
milliweak
Milverton
Morrisby speed test
motion with variable velocity
multifurcates
multiple causation
Myctophidae
nin
non-cyclically
nonintervisible stations
NSWTG
Nyhem
object snap setting
on blast of stove
organosilanol
Paphlagonian
paralogical
pathological gambling
petroleum transport
photoelectric sextant
player's fatigue
pressure conduit
previous carry
process specification
Rödje
scoir
simulator time
single chip computer
sirohydrochlorin
slip on a banana skin
soil nutrient bioavailability
spot cash transactions
statutory investment
steaming machine
sub-spaces
sweat rug
tesselatas
thickness sensor
time served worker
twofold degeneracy
umbelluliferous
unprofligate
urophan
Valentigney
Vers-en-Montagne
what the what
witch-doctors
xal
y-current
yank out
Yellow River
zaki
zoysia tenuifolias