时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:GRE作文


英语课

   拿破仑 Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte) 1769 -- 1821Emperor of France. Born Napoleon Buonaparte (the spelling change was made after 1796) on August 15, 1769, in the Corsican city of Ajaccio. He was the fourth of 11 children of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Romolino. His father derived 1 from the lesser 2 Corsican nobility. Following the annexation 3 of Corsica by France in 1769, Carlo was granted the same rights and privileges as the French nobility. After an elementary education at a boys' school in Ajaccio, young Napoleon was sent in January 1779 with his older brother Joseph to the College of Autun in the duchy of Burgundy. In May of the same year he was transferred to the more fashionable College of Brienne, another military school, while his brother remained at Autun. Here Napoleon's small stature 4 earned him the nickname of the "Little Corporal."At Brienne, Napoleon received an excellent military and academic education, and in October 1784 he earned an appointment to the ole Militaire of Paris. The royal military school of Paris was the finest in Europe in the years before the Revolution, and Napoleon entered the service of Louis XVI in 1785 with a formal education that had prepared him for his future role in French history. Napoleon joined an artillery 5 unit at Valence, where he again received superior training.


  First Military Assignments
  Now a second lieutenant 6, Napoleon continued his education on his own, but he was distracted by Corsica. Until 1793 his thoughts, desires, and ambitions centered on the island of his birth. Following the death of his father, in 1786 he received an extended leave to return to Corsica to settle his family's affairs. After rejoining his regiment 7 at Auxonne, he again spent more than a year on his native island (1789-1790), during which time he was influential 8 in introducing the changes brought about by the Revolution. Returning to France, Napoleon was transferred to Valence in June 1791. But by October he had returned to Corsica, where he remained for seven months. He spent the critical summer of 1792 in Paris and then returned to Corsica for one last episode in October. On this visit he took part in the power struggle between the forces supporting Pasquale Paoli and those supported by the French Republic. After Paoli was victorious 9, Napoleon and the Bonaparte family were forced to flee to the mainland, and the young officer then turned his attention to a career in the French army.小马过河The Revolution of 1789 did not have a major effect upon Bonaparte in its early years. He did not sympathize with the royalists. Nor did he take an active part in French politics, as his thoughts were still taken up with affairs in Corsica. Napoleon was in Paris when the monarchy 10 was overthrown 12 in August 1792, but no evidence indicates that he was a republican. Upon his return from Corsica in the spring of 1793, Capt. Bonaparte was given a command with the republican army that was attempting to regain 13 control of southern France from the proroyalist forces. He took part in the siege of Avignon, and then while on his way to join the French Army of Italy Napoleon was offered command of the artillery besieging 14 the port of Toulon.
  National Acclaim 15
  The siege of Toulon provided Napoleon with his first opportunity to display his ability as an artillery officer and brought him national recognition. France had gone to war with Prussia and Austria in 1792. England, having joined the struggle in 1793, had gained control of Toulon. After his distinguished 16 part in dislodging the British, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. He also made the acquaintance of Augustin Robespierre, the younger brother of the powerful Maximilien, and though Napoleon was not politically a Jacobin, he derived benefits from his association with influential party members. The overthrow 11 of the Jacobin regime on 9 Thermidor (July 1794) led to Napoleon's imprisonment 17 in Fort Carr?on August 9. When no evidence could be found linking him to the British, Napoleon was released after 10 days of confinement 18.
  Throughout the winter of 1794-1795 Napoleon was employed in the defense 19 of the Mediterranean 20 coast. Then, in April 1795, he was ordered to Paris, and in June he was assigned to the Army of the West. He refused this position, pleading poor health. This refusal almost brought an end to his military career, and he was assigned to the Bureau of Topography of the Committee of Public Safety. While serving in this capacity, he sought unsuccessfully to have himself transferred to Constantinople. Thus Napoleon was in Paris when the royalists attempted to overthrow the Directory on October 5, 1795.
  Gen. Paul Barras had been placed in command of the defense of Paris by the government, and he called upon Gen. Bonaparte to defend the Tuileries. Napoleon put down the uprising of 13 Vendiaire by unhesitatingly turning his artillery on the attackers, dispersing 21 the mob with what he called "a whiff of grapeshot." In gratitude 22 he was appointed commander of the Army of the Interior and instructed to disarm 23 Paris.
 

vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.次要的,较小的;adv.较小地,较少地
  • Kept some of the lesser players out.不让那些次要的球员参加联赛。
  • She has also been affected,but to a lesser degree.她也受到波及,但程度较轻。
n.吞并,合并
  • He mentioned the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910 .他提及1910年日本对朝鲜的吞并。
  • I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas.我认为合并的问题,完全属于德克萨斯和美国之间的事。
n.(高度)水平,(高度)境界,身高,身材
  • He is five feet five inches in stature.他身高5英尺5英寸。
  • The dress models are tall of stature.时装模特儿的身材都较高。
n.(军)火炮,大炮;炮兵(部队)
  • This is a heavy artillery piece.这是一门重炮。
  • The artillery has more firepower than the infantry.炮兵火力比步兵大。
n.陆军中尉,海军上尉;代理官员,副职官员
  • He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
  • He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官,递上了一张简短的便条进去。
n.团,多数,管理;v.组织,编成团,统制
  • As he hated army life,he decide to desert his regiment.因为他嫌恶军队生活,所以他决心背弃自己所在的那个团。
  • They reformed a division into a regiment.他们将一个师整编成为一个团。
adj.有影响的,有权势的
  • He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
  • He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。
adj.胜利的,得胜的
  • We are certain to be victorious.我们定会胜利。
  • The victorious army returned in triumph.获胜的部队凯旋而归。
n.君主,最高统治者;君主政体,君主国
  • The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
  • The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的,无甚实际意义。
v.推翻,打倒,颠覆;n.推翻,瓦解,颠覆
  • After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后,这个国家处于混乱中。
  • The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。
vt.重新获得,收复,恢复
  • He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
  • The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。
包围,围困,围攻( besiege的现在分词 )
  • They constituted a near-insuperable obstacle to the besieging infantry. 它们就会形成围城步兵几乎不可逾越的障碍。
  • He concentrated the sun's rays on the Roman ships besieging the city and burned them. 他把集中的阳光照到攻城的罗马船上,把它们焚毁。
v.向…欢呼,公认;n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞
  • He was welcomed with great acclaim.他受到十分热烈的欢迎。
  • His achievements earned him the acclaim of the scientific community.他的成就赢得了科学界的赞誉。
adj.卓越的,杰出的,著名的
  • Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
  • A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。
n.关押,监禁,坐牢
  • His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
  • He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。
n.幽禁,拘留,监禁;分娩;限制,局限
  • He spent eleven years in solitary confinement.他度过了11年的单独监禁。
  • The date for my wife's confinement was approaching closer and closer.妻子分娩的日子越来越近了。
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
adj.地中海的;地中海沿岸的
  • The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
  • Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。
adj.感激,感谢
  • I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。
  • She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。
v.解除武装,回复平常的编制,缓和
  • The world has waited 12 years for Iraq to disarm. 全世界等待伊拉克解除武装已有12年之久。
  • He has rejected every peaceful opportunity offered to him to disarm.他已经拒绝了所有能和平缴械的机会。
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学英语单词
Alizay
andira inermiss
antiblue
antihedonism
archabbot
archin(e)
aroun
asparty-L-histidine
assembler machine
automatic computer
bear-pit
bore diameter of roller and cage thrust assembly
bouncinesses
brown v board of education
business expenditures for new plant and equipment
cantilever for basket
capacitacin
chromosomal RNA
column fractionating
critical regionalism
cyclic fatigue
dilatory
diplophase
directed edges
engaging piece
eoples
ersbyite (meiomite)
Eunectes murinus
feebates
fixed assets cost
fly right
food sources
genitourinary fistula
geometric locus
gielgud
gift-giving ritual
herpetineuron wichurae(broth)card.
Holmes's sign
hybrid storm
Inchkeith
including overtime
indian rupee
insaturity
inter-sectoral division of labour
intercoordination
jasminum prubescens willd.
K-back
least square solution
leib
level gage
lightwave
listeria meningitis
Lomnice nad Popelkou
lose concentration
low power objective
macrotrichia
Madhya Pradesh
magmatic
magnetic fault detection
margent
marketing risks
menaced
minimal space
moderately volatile fuel
money talks, bullshit walks
mortonagrion hirosei
nonlinear taper
object relation theory
octingentenary
opern
optical enlargement
perfluoro-
polarization spectroscopy
proportional weir
prospective path
Purkinje's phenomenon
Pyrus hopeiensis
quitclaimance
reciprocable motor
Red Pt.
relationists
repumping
running time
sap vesicle
single equation regression prediction
smallpox cake
spangled coquette
splash-landed
st. vincent and the grenadiness
standard test for glass viscometer
structural platform
table calculation
touchscreen
twenty-somethings
two-years
UHF converter
Upper Cretaceous
vent-type injection moulding
warm regards
wave-modulated oscilloscope tube
Yamakoshi
zero-access instruction