时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   所谓猜测词义,是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的词义,它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧,获得这种技巧之后,读者在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来,从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力.


  猜词技巧也是一种很重要的应试技巧.在诸多的英语测试中,几乎都包含有判断生词或关键词词义的题目.如:
  1) In Line……the word"……"could best be replaced by which of the following?
  2) According to the author the word "……"means __________.
  3) By word "……" the author means __________.
  4) Which of the following is nearest/ closest in meaning to "……" ?
  那么,怎样来猜测和推断生词的词义呢?这种技巧大体可分为两大类:一类是通过上下文推测词义,另一类是根据生词本身的特点推测词义.本文着重介绍通过上下文猜测词义的技巧.通过上下文猜词就是根据一个词所处的具体的语言环境,运用有关线索,如同义词﹑反义词﹑举例﹑重述或定义等推测词义,也可以运用逻辑推理和其他的知识,如生活经验、普通常识等推断词义.
  1. 以定义为线索猜测词义
  根据上下文以生词的定义为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读时最常见、最直接的一种猜词方法.
  (1) 以to be(是),mean(意指),refer to(指的是)为线索猜测词义.
  [例] Ventilation, as you know , is a system or means of providing fresh air . It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.
  此句中 "ventilation" 可能是个生词,但 is后面是对该词的明确定义.是什么东西或什么手段才能提供新鲜空气呢?所以不难看出 "ventilation" 这个词的意思是"通风".
  (2) 以"be defined as "(被定义为),"be known as "(被称为),"be called "(被称为),"be termed "(被定义为)等结构为线索猜测生词词义.
  在这些结构中,主语与主语补足语相互提供生词的词义,读者可以通过已知部分推断出未知部分的意思来.
  [例] A person or thing beyond comparison, a model of excellence 1, is known as a paragon 2.
  在此句中,"paragon"一词的词义由句子的主语给提供出来了.一个人或物是无与伦比的,即优秀的典范,这不就是"模范、优秀的人或物"吗?很明显"be known as"前面的主语给出了后面"paragon"的词义.
  (3) 以定语从句为线索猜测词义.
  在很多情况下,定语从句直接给出了某一生词的定义,所以,以定语从句为线索猜测词义也是一个行之有效的猜词方法.
  [例] He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
  此句中,who引导的定语从句对生词"prestidigitator"的词义给出了非常清楚的定义.根据这一定义,读者就不难猜测出prestidigitator的词义.能从帽子里拉出兔子、吞火和玩其他类似的把戏的人不就是变戏法的人吗?因此,"prestidigitator"一词的词义就应是"变戏法者".
  (4) 以标点符号为线索猜测词义.
  作者有时利用标点符号,如括号、冒号、破折号等为一些生词直接提供定义或解释,这些符号无疑为读者理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索.
  例] Tornadoes 3 (violent and destructive whirl wind)normally occur on hot, humid (a little wet)day, but not necessarily in the summer.
  句中,"tornado"和"humid"两词的词义都在括弧里被清楚地表述出来."tornado"即一种非常剧烈的、破坏性很大的旋转的风.很明显,这是"旋风﹑飓风";humid即有点湿,其词义很清楚是"潮湿的"意思.在这种情况下,利用括号作为猜词线索,在一瞬间就能猜出其词义来,阅读可继续进行,不会因生词而影响阅读速度.

n.优秀,杰出,(pl.)优点,美德
  • His art has reached a high degree of excellence.他的艺术已达到炉火纯青的地步。
  • My performance is far below excellence.我的表演离优秀还差得远呢。
n.模范,典型
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • Man is the paragon of animals.人是万物之灵。
n.龙卷风,旋风( tornado的名词复数 )
  • Tornadoes, severe earthquakes, and plagues create wide spread havoc. 龙卷风、大地震和瘟疫成普遍的毁坏。 来自互联网
  • Meteorologists are at odds over the working of tornadoes. 气象学者对龙卷风的运动方式看法不一。 来自互联网
标签: 四级
学英语单词
absolute geopotential topography
airborne condition
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Antilusin
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bandar fisheri formosae
benzoiodhydrin
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blogshop
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bronze medal winner
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D, d
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get on someone's case
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Xenia Zaragevna Onatopp
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