时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   要顺利的通过新四级,阅读能力可说是重中之中,而篇章词汇阅读更是一大难点。它要求我们了解所给出词汇的意思,词性,相关词组,短语,固定搭配等;还有句子结构,通过上下文来进行理解,最重要的,还是语感。


  做好篇章词汇阅读,除了有对单词的要求,还有就是对语感的培养。而语感的培养,无非就是多听,多看,多读。
  Passage 1
  Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, and so on.
  For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness 1. At times, however, we become __2__ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.
  Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively 2 from the words, interpreting 3, criticizing, analyzing 4 and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. The latter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.
  There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as __8__ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the __9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well __10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.
  A)opposed
  B)converse 5
  C)equally
  D)written
  E)developed
  F)strategies
  G)compared
  H)awake
  I)higher
  J)expectations
  K)deal
  L)absolutely
  M)aware
  N)better
  O)further
  Answers:
  1. 选 O )。 很明显此处应填形容词。可选项有 higher 和 further ,原文为“根据答案反复提出。。。问题“,但 higher 一般强调的是层次上的高低,因此不能用来修饰 question ,故只有 further “更进一步的”符合题意。
  2. 选 M )。 此处应填形容词且能与 of 构成固定搭配。可选项有 awake 和 aware ,由前一句中 below the level of consciousness (即 unconsciousness )和此句中 however 转折可以推出,此处应填与 consciousness 意思相近的形容词,故排除 awake “警觉的”,而选 aware 。
  3. 选 J )。 由空格后的 and meaning 可知,此处应填名词,与 meaning 构成并列结构。原文为“我们会意识到沟通的存在,通常是在我们遇到难题或 …… 与文章意思不符的时候”,故只有 expectations “所猜测的意思”符合题意。
  4. 选 B )。 很明显此处应填动词且能与 with 搭配。可选项有 converse 和 deal ,从句意来理解,不同的人 …… 文章不同,但由于文章主要说明的是读者与文章之间的沟通方式,故排除 deal “处理”而选 converse “谈话。
  5. 选 D )。 因关系代词 which 指代的是 comprehension ,可知此处应填动词的被动形式。但由 The former 和 the words on he page 可推出前一种人是从文中的字词去理解文章,而字词只能是被写在文中,因此只有 written 符合题意。
  6. 选 I )。 此处应填形容词。由 The former 和 The latter 可知,此处是将两种人的对话方式进行比较,故可选项有 higher 和 better ,但由前面提到的后一种人对文章所做的 interpreting,criticizing,analyzing and examining 可知,这些都属于对文章更高层次的理解,因此选 higher 。
  7. 选 C )。 显然此处应填副词。可选项有 equally 和 absolutely ,但由 another 可推出,文章是在分别说明两种对话方式,而没有突出哪个更重要,故排除 absolutely 而选 equally 。
  8. 选 A ) 。此处是将“ process ” conversation 与“ content ” conversation 形成对比,故可选项有 opposed 和 compared ,但 as opposed to 是固定搭配,因此排除 compared 。
  9. 选 F )。 从句子结构来看,此处缺的是 employ 的宾语,再从选项中看,能与 employ 形成动宾搭配且符合题意的只有 strategies ,故选 strategies 。
  10. 选 E )。 此处应填动词的被动形式。选项中有 developed “提高,加强”和 compared “比较”能与 ability 构成动宾搭配,但从句意理解,通常高级读者与文章进行“程序对话”的能力 …… ,故只有 developed 符合题意。
  导读:
  Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were
  ( 意为“可以说,姑且这么说”,有打比方的性质 ) , to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts O)furtherquestions, and so on.
  For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times
  ( 意为“有时“与 most of the time 形成对比,因此很容易推出第 2 题应填的词 ) , however, we become M)aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when
  mismatch is occurring between J)expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.
  Different people B)conversewith the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page
  ( 意为“与单词保持很近距离”,即不注意单词本身的意思 ) , others take off
  ( 意为“离开”,在这指匆匆略过单词,即不注重单词本身的意思 ) imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is D)written in the text. The latter represents I)higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.
  There is another conversation which from our point of view isC)equally important, and that is
  ( There is another…and that is… 。 其中由“ that” 可知本文一共谈到了两种对话方式,第一种即是第一段中提到的对文章反复提问的方式,第二种就是此处提到的关于怎样读的方式。句中 which 和 that 指代的都是 conversation ) to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as A)opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the F)strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability
  ( If we are…our ability… 。 其中 If 引导的是条件壮语从句, to hold a process conversation with a text 作后置定语修饰句子的主语 our ability 。 ) to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well E)developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.
  全文翻译:
  阅读可以看出是读者和文章之间的一种沟通。可以说,读者对文章提出问题并得到解答,由此再提出新的问题,如此反复。
  大多数时候,这种沟通是在无意识中进行的,然而,有时候我们也会意识到沟通的存在,通常是在我们提到难题或猜测与文章意思不符时。如果我们做出的猜测正确,对文章的提问会继续在无意识中进行。
  不同读者与文章对话的方式也不同。有些人侧重读懂字词意义,而有些人匆匆越过字词,发挥想象力,对文章做出自己的阐释,评判一番,做出分析,深入研究。前者代表了拘泥字面的理解方式,后者代表了更深层次的理解。掌握这两者之间的平衡很重要,对高级读者而言更是如此。
  还有另一种对话,我们认为同样重要,这种对话不是有关读什么,而是有关怎样读的问题。与“内容对话”相对我们称其为“程序对话”,程序对话关心的不是文字意义,而是阅读方法。通常高级读者与文章进行“程序对话”的能力很强,而与文章进行“内容对话”的能力却一般。
  篇章词汇题型的特点
  篇章词汇 ( Banked Cloze )考一篇长度为 220 个单词左右的文章,在文章当中去除了 10 个单词,后面由 15 个单词选项,要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。这种题型的测试重点在于把握文章的结构,主要考查考生对诸如连贯性,一致性,逻辑联系等语篇,语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解,即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的微观理解。
  篇章词汇 VS 完形填空 应该说,篇章词汇是完形填空的一种形式。完形填空的测试面更宽泛,涉及连词,介词等更多的语法知识,而篇章词汇的考查项都是实词(动词,名词,形容词,副词)。篇章词汇更侧重于从篇章层面考查对单词的理解和应用。另外一个较为明显的区别就是,篇章词汇是集合式选项,所有的选项都集中在一起;而完形填空是分组式选项,各道题目的选项互不干扰。
  篇章词汇 VS 词汇题 篇章词汇与原来的老题型词汇题相比,更注重对词汇的实际运用的考查,从单一的一句话考查上升到篇章的理解。

n.意识,觉悟,知觉
  • The experience helped to change her social consciousness.这种经验有助于改变她的社会意识。
  • He lost consciousness at the first whiff of ether.他一嗅到乙醚便失去了知觉。
adv.想象上地
  • The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. 大学提供信息,但它是富于想象力地提供信息。 来自互联网
  • The room was decorated very imaginatively. 房间装饰得非常富有想象力。 来自互联网
v.解释( interpret的现在分词 );理解;把…理解为;演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色)
  • The girl is interpreting for foreign visitors. 那女孩在替外宾当口译。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The drawing procedure is reviewed before interpreting this figure. 在解释这个图以前,先复习一下画图的方法。 来自辞典例句
v.分析;分析( analyze的现在分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析n.分析
  • Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据,暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
  • He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然,他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句
vi.谈话,谈天,闲聊;adv.相反的,相反
  • He can converse in three languages.他可以用3种语言谈话。
  • I wanted to appear friendly and approachable but I think I gave the converse impression.我想显得友好、平易近人些,却发觉给人的印象恰恰相反。
标签: 四级 词汇
学英语单词
absolute methanol
acronichal
Akebia trifoliata
alpha-angle
Amoeiro
anti-aliased
areometric
asemanticity
bashaarat
be in a mood for something
begin to fidget
bitter oath
bound exciton state
C. & E.
cargo contamination
charge shift
check pilot
citation index and indexing
colorers
colour retardation
comeupance
compulsory (trade) unionism
curve of output
dadfar
de-attribution
dehydrocanned
dismutation reaction
doronicums
double pole cut out
dye-variant fibre
e-values
earth resouces survey
expiratory neuron
finned rocket
FTNVD
gheada
go for the doctor
grantski
guybrows
height of layer
herst
hinzmann
holotypic kidney
infandous
infix syntax
injection hole
intellectual asset
jumble together
khipu
kleve (cleve)
Kriz(Karīz)
laser mouse
life saving jacket
linney
lloyd's form-general average deposit receipt
lumped discontinuity
Machaneng
magnetic amplifier characteristic
maisonnettes
Mansel
motor scooter
nanpingite
Normet
Ohara's fever
oropharyngonasal
Oscar Palmer Robertson
paraheloike
parameters of operation process
pipeworts
plumbisms
polypropylenes
prosporangium
pull tab
put ... to the vote
red neck syndrome
relativistic hydrodynamics
resilient drive
rotary sliding-vane refrigerating compressor
seditions
self analysis
signal operation
single facer
sonic attractant
spin foam
squizz
staggerin'
steel letters
stomatopapilloma
swissres
Sǒngjinman
three-card memory
thyrohyoid ligaments
tire chain
transvision
traverse guider
tread chord width
up the aisle
validity of civil law
visibility of satellite
water wall craft
woebegoneness
writees