雅思写作：巧妙转述题目的官方指南

 　　雅思小作文首段的任务就是改写题目，看似简单，但不是所有烤鸭们都有清晰的思路。“天下武功，唯快不破。” 考场上一定要能够迅速改写小作文题目，速度提升的关键就思路清晰，总结自官方指南的paraphrasing 1 秘籍速来领取!

　　# 招数1 “这个表格”替换 (主语)
　　具体化：什么表格?(反之亦然，题目说具体表格类型，改写时可换成简称)
　　The graph below -- The bar chart / The line chart / The pie chart
　　The graph and table – the data / the information (对于信息形式多样的表格可以直接概括为data数据或information信息)
　　Gives information 适合的情况下还可以替换为illustrate 2 the performance of
　　…gives information about Southland’s main exports -- …illustrates 3 the performance of Southland’s primary exports
　　也可以把表格数量具体化： the pie charts – the two pie charts，另外，the 也可以换为this
　　# 招数2 “展示了”替换 (动词)
　　shows – illustrates / demonstrates 或compares 或gives information / provides infromation
　　除了常见的shows, illustrates, demonstrates这些同义表达的相互替换外，范文中经常会使用compares 或gives information 来表达。
　　# 招数3 关键词替换
　　1. yearly/ annual …– …over the year / per year年均
　　Example: yearly rainfall – amount of rainfall over the year
　　the average number of hours of sunshine per year-- annual hours of sunshine
　　2. percentage – proportion 比例
　　3. male and female -- men and women 男性和女性
　　4. 职业类型 – who从句
　　Example: academic staff members across the faculties 4 -- who taught in seven different faculties (academic staff：教职人员, 就是”who taught …”的意思)
　　5. typical – average “典型的”和“平均的”往往可以互换，比如“平均降雨量”
　　6. household – home 家庭的
　　Example: in a typical Australian household –in an average Australian home
　　7. be consumed – be used 被消耗的/使用的
　　8. the proportion of – where …is used
　　Example: the proportion of energy consumed -- where energy is used
　　9. by age range – of different ages 按不同年龄
　　10. give money to charity – donate(v.) / make donation (n.) 捐款
　　11. the changes that have taken place at … --…development …的发展
　　12. main exports -- primary exports 主要的
　　# 招数4 “项目“替换
　　具体化：类别A，类别B and 类别C – 3个类别(反之亦然，题目说类别个数，改写时可换成具体类别名称)
　　in Moscow and San Francisco -- in two cities
　　in three major cities -- in London, New York and Sydney
　　# 招数5 “动作“具体化
　　how a solar powered water pump works -- how a solar powered water pump is used to supply water for a village. (把work这个动词在该写时根据图表具体化为”被用来供水“)
　　# 招数6“数据“具体化
　　in 2003 and 2013 – in the years 2003 and 2013 (具体化“年“)
　　the online shopping sales -- the percentages of online sales (具体化数据类型：百分比)
　　# 招数7 时间表达
　　1. 时间段表达
　　from 2003 to 2012 – during the period 2003-2012
　　2. 将来时间
　　当题目中出现对于将来数据的预测时，可以用projection 5, prediction 来表达，另外，注意细节段落时态要转换为将来时。
　　in 2000, *20…, and future projections 6 for 2025
　　# 招数8 词性转换+ 句型转换
　　the changes that took place in three different areas of crime in Newport city centre -- how crime rates altered in Newport inner city
　　以上例子中，changes是名词，可以说the changes that took place in…/ the changes of ...(使用的句式是定语从句或of 结构“…的“)
　　改写之后的alter也表“变化“是动词形式，句型也有the change that…/ of… 变成了how…V+ed (宾语从句)
　　把以上招数按照顺序融会贯通，小作文题目改写大法就练成了，让我们来看一看红蓝OG中的具体题目以及改写。
　　The graph below shows the percentage of male and female academic staff members across the faculties of a major university in 2012 (practice test 2, blue version)
　　Sample Answer:
　　The bar chart shows the proportion of men and women who taught in seven different faculties of a particular university in 2012.
　　The pie chart below shows where energy is used in a typical Australian household, and the table shows the amount of electricity used according to the number of occupants. (practice test 4, blue version)
　　Sample Answer:
　　The pie chart illustrates the proportion of energy consumed by different appliances in an average Australian home.