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 　　II．现象法

　　对某种社会现象、倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章往往在文章一开始首先引出这种
　　现象或问题，然后评论。本节句型就适用于这种开头。
　　11　Recently the　rise in
　　phenomenon of
　　problem of
　　question of　... has
　　11　drawn 1 / aroused public / popular / grave / world-wide attention
　　caused /aroused wide / general / considerable / international concern
　　arisen /loomed up /cropped up as controversial /as noteworthy/more
　　distinctly for settlement
　　11.1 Recently, the alarm about the problem of the use of genetic 2
　　technologies on human beings have caused wide public concern, and
　　understandably so. With nuclear energy threatening global catastrophe 3 and
　　with so many other technological 4 advances visibly damaging the quality of
　　life, who would wish to have scientists tampering 5 with man's inner nature?
　　Indeed, fear of such manipulation may amuse even more anxiety than fear of
　　death.
　　最近，有关把遗传技术用于人类自身而产生的问题的警示已引起了公众的广泛关
　　注。这是可以理解的。核能开发正威胁着全球的生存，其它许多技术进步也正明显地危
　　害生活的质量。在这种情况下，谁还会希望科学家来任意改变人体内部机能呢？确实，
　　害怕对人的操纵所引起的担忧可能会超过对死亡的害怕。
　　11.2 Recently psychologists have found only about two percent of adults
　　use their creativity, compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children.
　　When five-year-olds were tested, the result soared to ninety percent! The
　　findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity and originality 6 are daily
　　occurrences for the small child, but somehow most of us lose the freedom and
　　flexibility 7 of the child as we grow older. The need to follow "directions"
　　and "do-it-right", plus the many societal constraints 8 we put on ourselves,
　　prevent us from using our creative potential.
　　最近，心理学家发现在使用自己创造力方面，成人只有2％，而7岁的儿童竟有10
　　％。如果在5岁的儿童中测试，这个数上升到90％。这些发现引起许多人思索。好奇心
　　和创造性每天可在小孩子身上发现，而当我们逐步长大成人，多数人丧失了孩子的那种
　　自由和灵活性。“按常规去做”，“按正确的去做”，以及种种社会的清规戒律把我们
　　束缚住了，使我们无法发挥自己的创造潜力。
　　12　 Recently the　issue
　　problem
　　question　of... has been　in the limelight.
　　brought into focus.
　　brought to public attention.
　　posed among the general public.
　　12.1 The problem of development vs. environment has now been in the
　　limelight. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the
　　world's largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a
　　large scale.
　　现在发展与环境的问题已成为人们议论的中心。在中国这对矛盾表现得尤为明显。
　　这个世界上人口最多的国家正面临着大量的环境污染、森林减少以及酸雨的袭击。
　　13　 In　 recent
　　the past　5 years, many　cities
　　nations
　　people　have　been faced /plagued /troubled with
　　experienced/witnessed /undergone　the
　　a(n)　serious problem of
　　acute shortage of
　　alarming increase in
　　13.1 In recent years many factories of our country have been faced with
　　the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Seeing many idle
　　workers smoking, chatting, or playing cards during the working hours, some
　　experts claim that the solution is to increase economic reward. Other people
　　feel that "the iron rice bowl" should be roughly smashed. But does mere 9
　　money lead to greater productivity?
　　近年来我国许多工厂一直面临着如何提高工人的生产效率的问题。针对许多工人上
　　班的无所事事，抽烟，聊天或打牌的现象，有些专家主张通过增加经济报酬来解决。另
　　一些人认为应彻底打破铁饭碗。但是增加钱是否就能提高生产率呢？
　　13.2 In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in
　　juvenile 10 crime ------ that is, crime committed by individuals who haven't
　　come of age. Whether the category is murder or robbery, mugging or rape 11, the
　　story is the same: juvenile crime is on the rise. Our society has
　　traditionally treated the juvenile as a special kind of offender 12, one who
　　warrants punishment different from that given to an adult, even though the
　　crime may be the same. Now it is time we asked ourselves: Does the treatment
　　work?
　　最近几年，中国的青少年犯罪率急剧上升。不管那些没成年人的犯罪涉及到谋杀、
　　偷盗、抢劫或是强奸，情形是一样的：青少年犯
　　罪在增加。我们社会的传统做法是把这些青少年当成一种特殊的罪犯处理，尽管他们的
　　罪行和成年人一样，但所给的惩罚和成年人不同。现在该是问一问我们自己的时候了：
　　这种做法是否有效？
　　14　 One of the　searching
　　burning
　　pressing
　　interesting questions
　　problems facing
　　confronting our nation
　　society
　　world today is ...
　　14.1 One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise
　　or threat does new technology hold for our global future? Since the
　　decisions our society makes about technological development will undoubtedly 13
　　have tremendous consequences in the years to come, it is urgently necessary
　　to explore this question, especially by examining science and technology in
　　their relationship to the development of humanity.
　　当今社会面临的基本问题之一是：新技术会给世界的将来带来什么样的希望或威胁
　　？由于我们的社会所作出的关于技术发展的决定会毫无疑问对未来产生巨大影响，因此
　　探索这个问题，尤其是通过检查科学技术与人类发展的关系来这样做就变得非常紧迫和
　　必要了。
　　14.2 It has become apparent to us that one of the biggest problems
　　confronting our Chinese education today is the increasing vocationalization
　　of our colleges and universities. Throughout the country schools are under
　　economic pressure to become job-training centers and employment agencies.
　　All courses are geared to cater 14 to the business needs.
　　很明显中国的教育现在面临的最大问题之一是高等院校职业化倾向。在经济发展的
　　压力下，全国许多大学成了职业培训中心或就业市场机构。课程的设置都一昧迎合市场
　　的需要。
　　15　 One of the　biggest issues
　　hottest topics
　　most popular things
　　most serious problems　many people　talk
　　complain　about now is...
　　15.1 One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is
　　the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. They complain that the
　　migrants have brought crime and prostitution, that they are putting pressure
　　on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take
　　already scarce city jobs and exacerbating 15 housing shortages; and that they
　　have worsened traffic and sanitation 16 problems. True, these are the problems
　　posed by the migration 17, but what about the contribution the rural worker
　　have made to the city's development and prosperity?
　　许多市民现在谈得最多的话题之一是源源不断涌进城市的民工潮。他们抱怨民工把
　　犯罪和卖淫带来了，给城市人口的控制和社会秩序带来了压力，并威胁着夺走本来已很
　　紧张的城市工作机会，使得城市住房、交通、卫生等问题更为突出。是的，这些都是民
　　工潮带来的问题，但怎么看待他们对城市的发展和繁荣所作出的贡献呢？
　　15.2 One of the best qualities that most people admire in others is the
　　willingness to admit one's mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a
　　simple thing like "I was wrong about that", and it is even harder to say, "I
　　was wrong, and you were right about that".
　　大多数人所佩服的别人的最好的品质之一，是敢于承认自己的错误。有时人们发觉
　　很难开口说这样简单的话：“在这一点上是
　　我错了。”而说：“我错了，你是对的。”则更难。