时间:2019-02-09 作者:英语课 分类:阅读空间


英语课

   前两日,国家主席习近平在“加强互联互通伙伴关系”东道主伙伴对话会、亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会开幕式上发表了讲话。在这些讲话中,习大大妙语连珠,古诗文、大白话交相呼应;通俗的比喻、文艺的排比相映成趣。当然,作为在重大外交场合的演讲,其中“技术含量高”的“专业”词汇自然必不可少。今天,我们就为小伙伴儿们梳理习大大在这两次讲话中的一些“关键”词句的翻译。


  听习语,学英文
  1. 山明水净夜来霜,数树深红出浅黄。
  The water is clear and the mountain is bright, The frost comes in at night; Trees are covered with deep scarlet 1 leaves Mixed with yellow that is light.
  该句出自中唐朝诗人刘禹锡的《秋词二首》。翻译古诗,最难的当然是押韵。读一读,你就会发现,这里 bright, night还有light是押韵的。涨一下古诗知识哈,全诗如下:
  山明水净夜来霜,数树深红出浅黄。试上高楼清入骨,岂如春色嗾人狂。
  2. 朋友越走越近,邻居越走越亲
  Friends and neighbors become closer when they visit each other more often.
  这句通俗白话实际上采取了与古诗“秦时明月汉时关”类似的表述结构,即 “朋友、邻居之间越走越亲近”。只是中文喜欢对仗神马的,就看似复杂了,如果英语也求对仗,那翻译就受累不讨好啦,因为英语更讲究逻辑与简洁。
  3. 亚洲各国就像一盏盏明灯,只有串联并联起来,才能让亚洲的夜空灯火辉煌。
  Asian countries are just like a cluster of bright lanterns. Only when we link them together, can we light up the night sky in our continent.
  这句话里,中文一如既往地喜欢“叠字”,而到了英文里 “一盏盏”则成了a cluster ;有意思的是,中文的“明灯”译成了bright lanterns。的确,英语里一串一串的“灯笼”,意象更美好。至于什么“串联互联”,您就别去翻中英物理词典啦,您瞧,很简单,就是link,要是拘泥于太细“串联”“并联”的区别,英语世界里物理学得不那么好的孩纸,就瞎了。这句话给我们的启示是:除了词典,当翻译需要两颗心:一颗浮想联翩的心,一颗简单的心。。
  4. “一带一路”
  “Belt and Road”
  人类喜欢制造一些很长的专有名词,然后再简化之。此前,有译文为“one belt and one road”招来质疑,这次把那个“一”没翻出来,不知道会有何反响。不过,这种处理方法,一是上下文中需要出现全称,二是往往还需要视情况搭配一些更具体的词,比如the Belt and Road initiative(s),the Belt and Road cooperation program(s)。那“一带”“一路”中英文全称各是什么呢?下面咱们涨下姿势哈:
  一带:丝绸之路经济带 the Silk Road Economic Belt
  一路:21世纪海上丝绸之路 the 21st Century Maritime 2 Silk Road
  5. 如果将“一带一路”比喻为亚洲腾飞的两只翅膀,那么互联互通就是两只翅膀的血脉经络。
  If the “Belt and Road” are likened to the two wings of a soaring Asia, then connectivity is like their arteries 3 and veins 4.
  在这里,“一带一路”遇上了“互联互通”,典型的中文求对仗的风格,真是考验翻译水平。但是我们要有一颗简单的心。这里初学英语的孩纸要注意liken与like意义、用法上的区别。Liken是动词,“把A比作B”的意思;Like不是动词,所以做谓语的时候是be like,意思是“好像”。而“血脉经络”这个中国特色的词,你怎么“呵呵”,外国人也不是那么懂的,所以简单一些吧。况且,“血脉经络”在中文本身也是形式大于意义的,即求四字词汇的节奏。
  6. 有路才能人畅其行,物畅其流
  With roads in place, people and goods can flow.
  要想知道带点文绉绉的话语怎么翻,这句就是范例。
  7. 志同道合
  People who cherish the same ideals follow the same path.
  其实,这句倒译回来就是“志同者道合”。所以如果说两个人“志同道合”应该是They cherish the same ideals and follow the same path。
  8. 志存高远,脚踏实地
  aspire 5 for high and grand while planting our feet firmly on the ground
  又是两个四字短语,而且两组之间存在逻辑意义上的关联,所以翻译用while连接了。记住,英文更加注重逻辑。另外,值得一提的是plant的用法。在英语中,往往这种很小的常见词语,总是有比我们平时使用多得多的地道用法。《韦氏大辞典》对plant作为动词的一个解释是: to put or place (something or yourself) firmly or forcefully on a surface or in a particular position,把它用在“脚踏实地”的翻译中生动而地道。
  9. 互联互通
  connectivity
  “互联互通”是本次APEC会议出现频率最高的词。其实,“互联互通”的意思就是互相联通,打通伙伴之间的联系,中文喜欢四字叠词,英文直接翻译成connectivity就好啦。《韦氏大辞典》对connectivity的解释是 the quality, state, or capability 6 of being connective or connected (保持相互联系和连通的状态或能力)。
  10. 是继续引领世界、创造美好未来,还是放慢脚步、等待被人超越?是深化一体化进程、还是陷入碎片化漩涡?是践行开放、包容理念、共同开创亚太世纪,还是身体已进入21世纪而思维模式还停留在过去?
  Shall we continue to lead the world in creating a bright future, or shall we slow down only to be outperformed by others? Shall we deepen the integration 7 process, or shall we let ourselves slip into a vortex of fragmentation? Shall we embrace openness and inclusiveness to work together for an Asia-Pacific century, or shall we cling to an outdated 8 mindset until for the 21st century?
  排比句属于一种表达力比较强的修辞手法。这个排比句里有一些比较新的表达方式,如“陷入碎片化漩涡”基本采用了直译,而“身体已进入21世纪而思维模式还停留在过去”则是用了意译的手法。
  11. 大时代需要大格局,大格局需要大智慧
  A great era calls for great vision, which in turn requires great wisdom.
  虽然中文中都是“需要”,但是英文的翻译可以更加灵活,更加多样,更加贴切。关键是小伙伴还可以炫一下肚子里有多少洋词儿呢。
  12. 朋友多了,路才好走。
  More friends, more opportunities.
  该句直译过来应该是“more friends, more roads”,可是这么说台下的外国友人肯定不太能理解,所以我们还要给中文原本的意思做一个引申,译成“机会”,显得好懂多了。
  13. 应该变赢者通吃为各方共赢,共同做大亚太发展的蛋糕
  We should replace the “winner-take-all” mentality 9 with an all-win approach and work together for great development and prosperity of our region.
  两个看点:第一,“赢者通吃”和“各方共赢”怎么翻;第二,“做大蛋糕”是什么意思,怎么翻译,要不要直译。译文已经告诉我们啦,小编就不啰嗦啦。但是大家可以表达不同意见。
  14. 生活从不眷顾因循守旧、满足现状者,而将更多机遇留给勇于和善于改革创新的人们。
  Life never favors those who always follow the beaten path and content themselves with the status quo. Instead, life saves opportunities for people who are willing and able to reform and innovate 10.
  跟CEO们谈改革创新,却从生活切入,足见习大大演讲技巧之高超。译文从选词到句式的规整,足见译者之用心,所以译文读起来,给人以智者忠告的感觉,而不是一杯廉价的心灵鸡汤。
  15. 如果说创新是中国发展的新引擎,那么改革就是必不可少的点火器
  If innovation is the new engine for China's development, reform is the indispensable igniter.
  这又是一句打比方。中文通俗易懂,英文直译也不会产生理解问题,那就顺着这句话的顺序来吧,这样的好处是译者与读(听)者都方便。

n.深红色,绯红色,红衣;adj.绯红色的
  • The scarlet leaves of the maples contrast well with the dark green of the pines.深红的枫叶和暗绿的松树形成了明显的对比。
  • The glowing clouds are growing slowly pale,scarlet,bright red,and then light red.天空的霞光渐渐地淡下去了,深红的颜色变成了绯红,绯红又变为浅红。
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
n.动脉( artery的名词复数 );干线,要道
  • Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.纹理;矿脉( vein的名词复数 );静脉;叶脉;纹理
  • The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的,感到很舒服。 来自《简明英汉词典》
vi.(to,after)渴望,追求,有志于
  • Living together with you is what I aspire toward in my life.和你一起生活是我一生最大的愿望。
  • I aspire to be an innovator not a follower.我迫切希望能变成个开创者而不是跟随者。
n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
  • She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
  • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
n.一体化,联合,结合
  • We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
  • This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
adj.旧式的,落伍的,过时的;v.使过时
  • That list of addresses is outdated,many have changed.那个通讯录已经没用了,许多地址已经改了。
  • Many of us conform to the outdated customs laid down by our forebears.我们许多人都遵循祖先立下的过时习俗。
n.心理,思想,脑力
  • He has many years'experience of the criminal mentality.他研究犯罪心理有多年经验。
  • Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.经营企业所要求具备的心态和上班族的心态截然不同。
v.革新,变革,创始
  • We must innovate in order to make progress.我们必须改革以便取得进步。
  • It is necessary to innovate and develop military theories.创新和发展军事理论是必要的。
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