合同专用词汇及短语详解
英语课
一. 理解法律文件中的专门用语
英语中某些副词如“here”及“where”在法律文件中往往当作前缀,与另一个词构成法律词汇中的专门用语。在法律文件中用这些词,可以避免重复,避免误解,避免歧义,使行文准确、简洁。以这种方法构成的词主要有:
hereafter, hereby, herein, hereof, hereto hereunder, hereupon, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter;
thereafter, thereby 1, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith;
whereas, whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon, etc。
这些词各有各的含义,笔者只能捡其中几个细说:
比如:
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this 之意,即特此,因此,兹等意。常用于法律文件、合同协议的正式文件的开头语,在条款中需要强调时也可用。
举原文说明,如:
The Employer hereby covenants 2 to pay the Contractor 3 in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable 4 under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract.
文中:
★hereby 意为 by reason of this,特此的意思。
★Covenants 是动词,意为make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同。
★ completion of the Works 是工程的竣工,Works与Work 在工程承包合同文件中常指工程而不是工作之意。
★ therein意为in the Works在本工程中。
★the Contract Price指合同总价,指工程的总造价。
★ such…as是关系代词,相当于that, which,把要限定的词置于such 与as之间使要限定的名词十分明确,避免合同双方在理解上发生争议。
★ under 意为in accordance with 根据,按照之意,决不能译成“在…….之下”。
★ the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the contract 合同条件、条款之意。
在对文中专业性词汇作了解释之后,就不难理解这一段的含义了,也就是读懂了。于是可以把原文译为:
业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同总价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。
2.Hereto: to this,上文已提及的,比如表示“本合同双方”可以说“the Parties hereto”,这里的hereto表示“to this Contract” “本协议附件4”可以译为“Appendix 4 hereto”,这里的hereto表示“to this Agreement”。
读下面的原文,可以进一步理解hereto 在文中的作用。
All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable 5 negotiations 7, be settled by the Parties hereto. Should, through negotiation 6, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration 8 to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this commission shall be applied 9. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding 10 upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission.
文中:
★ 两次出现的hereto, 都是限定Parties, 表示the Parties to this Contract 本合同的双方。
★ “the performance of this Contract”履行本合同。
★“through amicable negotiations” 通过友好协商。
★should 表示如果发生什么情况,代替省掉的if。
★“shall then be submitted for arbitration”应提交进行仲裁。
★ “the Chinese International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing” 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京)。
★ “the arbitration rules of this Commission” 仲裁规则。
★“the award of the arbitration: 仲裁裁决。
★ “unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission”仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
这样,扫除了上述专业词汇的障碍,可把原文译为:
对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议,本合同双方应友好协商解决,如协商无法解决争议,则应将争议提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(北京),依据仲裁规则仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的,对双方都有约束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担,但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。
adv.因此,从而
- I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
- He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
n.(有法律约束的)协议( covenant的名词复数 );盟约;公约;(向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的)契约书
- Do I need to review the Deed of mutual Covenants (DMC)? 我是否需要覆核公共契约(DMC)吗? 来自互联网
- Many listed and unlisted companies need to sell to address covenants. 许多上市公司和非上市公司需要出售手中资产,以满足借贷契约的要求。 来自互联网
n.订约人,承包人,收缩肌
- The Tokyo contractor was asked to kick $ 6000 back as commission.那个东京的承包商被要求退还6000美元作为佣金。
- The style of house the contractor builds depends partly on the lay of the land.承包商所建房屋的式样,有几分要看地势而定。
adj.可付的,应付的,有利益的
- This check is payable on demand.这是一张见票即付的支票。
- No tax is payable on these earnings.这些收入不须交税。
adj.和平的,友好的;友善的
- The two nations reached an amicable agreement.两国达成了一项友好协议。
- The two nations settled their quarrel in an amicable way.两国以和睦友好的方式解决了他们的争端。
n.谈判,协商
- They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判,他们的食糖生意成交了。
- The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。
协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过
- negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
- Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
n.调停,仲裁
- The wage disagreement is under arbitration.工资纠纷正在仲裁中。
- Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding.双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
- She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
- This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。