全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）
第一部分 阅读理解 (75分)
Passage 1
CATV is a short way of saying "community antenna 1 (天线) television." But "cable television" is the term most people use. Cable television allows viewers to receive TV programs that they cannot pick up with their regular antennas 2.
Television signals do not follow the curve (曲线) of the earth. They travel in straight lines in all directions. Signals from a TV station move toward the horizon (水平线) and then go into space. If you live only a few miles from a station, you may not get any picture at all.
CATV began in 1948. People in places far from TV stations shared the cost of putting up high antennas. A community antenna was usually placed on a hill, a mountain, or on a high tower. The antenna picked up TV signals and fed them into a small local station. From the station, thick wires called cables ran out to nearby homes. Each person using the cable paid a monthly charge.
CATV worked well, and soon new uses were found for it. Local stations could feed programs into empty channels that were not in use. People along the cable could have local news, weather reports, and farm and school news at no extra charge.
Today, cable television has moved into cities. It brings in extra programs that city viewers with regular antennas cannot see. It is also used in many classrooms throughout the country.
1. From the first paragraph we know that ________.
○A. most people use cable television
○B. "community antenna" is another name for "regular antenna"
○C. a community antenna is used for cable television
○D. regular antennas cannot pick up TV signals programs
2. Of the following, which is NOT the way TV signals travel?
○A. In a curve.
○B. In a straight line.
○C. In all direction.
○D. Toward the horizon.
3. Cable TV is becoming more and popular because _____________.
○A. it is free of charge
○B. it can provide more programs
○C. it provides all TV users good pictures
○D. TV sets with regular antennas can also have a good reception through CATV
4. On the whole, this passage is about ________.
○A. how to put up high antennas
○B. a way of picking up better TV programs
○C. how to use the empty channels on your TV set
○D. the way that TV signals are sent
5. From the passage we can infer that __________.
○A. TV has begun to be used for educational purposes
○B. there is no charge for CATV
○C. cable TV cannot be used in mountainous areas
○D. antennas for cable TV are usually put up in the center of a community
Passage 2
In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lightning and thunder were the weapons of the gods.
In reality, lightning is a flow of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lightning 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs.
The American scientist and statesman, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year he also built the first lightning rod. This device protects buildings from damage by lightning.
Modern science has discovered that one stroke of lighting 3 contains more than 15 million volts 4. A spark between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.
Scientists estimate that there are about 2000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States along it kills an average of one person every day.
The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways 5 and windows and not touch wires or metal things.
With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry!
6. Lightning is really __________.
○A. weapon
○B. electricity
○C. light
○D. mystery
7. People once though that lightning came from __________.
○A. scientists
○B. ground
○C. lightning rod
○D. gods
8. One flash of lightning can produce enough electricity for ______ bulbs.
○A. 10,000
○B. 1,000
○C. 1,000,000
○D. 100
9. Benjamin Franklin ___________.
○A. made the first lightning rod
○B. invented electricity
○C. built the Empire State Building
○D. prevented Lightning from hitting cars
10. _________ is the best place to be during an electrical storm.
○A. Swimming pool
○B. a high ground
○C. Under a tree
○D. A car
Passage 3
Because of the energy crisis, scientists in the oil-consuming nations have become increasingly interested in the potential(潜在的) of solar energy. Some experts estimate that the present supply of fossil (化石) fuel will not last until the end of the twentieth century. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness (利用) the sun's energy effectively and inexpensively. One of the most popular methods currently being tested uses rooftop solar collectors and underground storage tanks. An advantage of a properly working system of this type is that it will not create any environmental pollution. Another advantage of using solar energy is that the cost of the fuel-the sun's rays-is zero. When a solar heating system is working at maximum (最大的) efficiency, it can provide up to 80 percent of winter heating needs.
11. The main topic of this passage is __________.
○A. the shortage of fossil fuel
○B. the problems that energy researchers face
○C. an environmental pollution problem
○D. an inexpensive energy source
12. One popular solar heating system makes use of __________.
○A. roof collectors and underground storage
○B. fossil fuel conversion 6
○C. underground oil tanks
○D. water collection and evaporation 7
13. The cost of using the sun's rays for heating is ___________.
○A. about the same as the cost of fossil fuels
○B. several hundred dollars per year
○C. negligible compared with other energy sources
○D. determined 8 by the severity of the winter
14. Which of the following describes an advantage of using solar energy?
○A. There is little or no environmental pollution.
○B. A large percentage of fuel costs can be saved.
○C. Fossil fuels will become more plentiful 9.
○D. The oil-consuming nations will not have to import oil.
15. According to some experts, the supply of fossil fuel will not last _______.
○A. one more century
○B. an indeterminable time
○C. until the end of this century
○D. indefinitely
第二部分 完成句子 (25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
Not long ago, an airplane was flying over New Zealand. There was a television camera crew on board. Suddenly, out in the night sky, a bright sphere (球体) came into view. Everyone on board saw it and everyone though, "UFO"-Unidentified Flying Object. The camera crew went into action and started filming. That week people all over the world saw the film of this mysterious light on their television screens. What was it? Was it a spaceship full of visitors from another planet? The captain of the aeroplane and the film crew believed it was. Other observers had many different explanations. Some said it was Venus (金星). Others said it was just a trick of light.
An air traffic controller also saw it on his radar 10 screen. He thought that a flock of birds was causing dots on his radar screen when the "UFO" appeared.
Most astronomers 11 now believe that what these people saw was almost certainly the planet Venus. At that time of year it is very bright and easy to see. And from a moving aeroplane it can appear to be moving fast. So far there is no proof that UFOs or spaceships from other planets do exist. These years investigators 12 of UFOs have investigated thousands of sighting-or occasions when people said they saw a UFO. Ninety per cent of these turned out to have a simple explanation.
However, it's good idea to keep an open mind. Scientists in some countries are trying to persuade their governments to help them study UFOs. And they are planning to cooperate inter-nationally on reporting and investigating sightings of UFOs.
After all, it is quite possible that there is life out there in the universe. And if something is alive, it is quite possible that it will come to visit us.
16. The captain and the camera crew believed that UFO was a v spaceship from another planet.
17. Many o believed that the UFO was Venus.
18. So far there is no proof that UFOs are sp from outer space.
19. Some scientists in the world are planning to do some r on UFOs.
20. P life in the universe may try to make a visit to us.
第三部分 阅读理解 (80分)
Passage 1
In recent years, scientific and technological 13 developments have drastically changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. Maybe one of the most profound developments of the last decade is the discovery of recombinant DNA 14 technology, which allows scientists to introduce genetic 16 (遗传学的) material (or genes) from one organism into another. In its simplest form, the technology requires the isolation 17 of a piece of DNA, either directly from the DNA of the organism under study, or artificially synthesized from an DNA. This piece of DNA is then ligated (结扎) to a fragment of bacterial 18 DNA which has the capacity to replicate 19 (复制) itself independently. The recombinant molecule 20 thus produced can be introduced into the common intestinal 21 (内部的) bacterium 22 Escherishchia coli, which can be grown in very large amounts in synthetic 23 media. Under proper conditions, the foreign gene 15 will not only replicate in the bacteria, but also express itself, through the process of transcription and translation, to give rise to large amounts of the specific protein coded by the foreign gene.
The technology has already been successfully applied 24 to the production of several therapeutically 25 (疗法的) important biomolecules, such as, growth hormones 26, interferon, insulin.
Many other important applications are under detailed 27 investigation 28 in laboratories throughout the world.
21. Recombinant DNA technology consists primarily of ____________.
○A. producing several therapeutically important biomolecules
○B. giving rise to large amounts of protein
○C. introducing genetic material from one organism into another
○D. using a viral enzyme 29 called reverse transcriptase
22. Recombinant DNA technology has been used in the production of all of the following biomolecules except ___________.
○A. growth hormones
○B. Escherishchia coli
○C. interferon
○D. insulin
23. Which of the following is not true?
○A. The foreign gene will replicate in the bacteria, but it will not express itself through transcription and translation.
○B. The bacterium Escherishchia coli can be grown in large amounts in synthetic media.
○C. Research continues in an effort to find other uses for this technology.
○D. Recombinant DNA technology is a recent development.
24. Expression of a gene in Escherishchia coli requires ________.
○A. the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase
○B. the processes of transcription and translation
○C. production of insulin and other biomolecules
○D. that the bacteria be grown in a synthetic media
25. The term recombinant is used because ___________.
○A. by ligation, a recombinant molecule is produced, which has the capacity of replication
○B. the technique requires the combination of several types of technology
○C. by ligation, a recombinant protein is produced, part of whose amino acids come from different organism
○D. Escherishchia coli is a recombinant organism
Passage 2
Watch a baby between six and nine months old, and you will observe the basic concepts of geometry being learned. Once the baby has mastered the idea that space is three - dimensional, it reaches out and begins grasping various kinds of objects. It is then, from perhaps nine to fifteen months, that the concepts of sets and numbers are formed. So far, so good. But now ominous 30 (不祥的) development takes place. The nerve fibers 31 in the brain insulate (使隔离) themselves in such a way that the baby begins to hear sounds very precisely 32. Soon it picks up language, and it is then brought into direct communication with adults. From this point on, it is usually downhill all the way for mathematics, because the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of the community into which it has been so unfortunate as to have been born. Nature having done very well by the child now becomes exposed to all the nonsense words and beliefs of to this point, having permitted it the luxury of thinking for itself for eighteen months, now abandons it to the arbitrary conventions and beliefs of society. But at least the child knows something of geometry and numbers, and it will always retain some memory of the ear…………
- The workman fixed the antenna to the roof of the house.工人把天线固定在房顶上。
- In our village, there is an antenna on every roof for receiving TV signals.在我们村里，每家房顶上都有天线接收电视信号。
- Marconi tied several antennas to kites. 马可尼在风筝上系了几根天线。 来自超越目标英语 第3册
- Radio astronomy today is armed with the largest antennas in the world. 射电天文学拥有世界上最大的天线。
- The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
- The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。
- The floating potential, Vf is usually only a few volts below ground. 浮置电势Vf通常只低于接地电位几伏。 来自辞典例句
- If gamma particles are present, potential differences of several thousand volts can be generated. 如果存在γ粒子，可能产生几千伏的电位差。 来自辞典例句
- The houses belched people; the doorways spewed out children. 从各家茅屋里涌出一堆一堆的人群，从门口蹦出一群一群小孩。 来自辞典例句
- He rambled under the walls and doorways. 他就顺着墙根和门楼遛跶。 来自辞典例句
- He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
- Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。
- Be careful not to lose too much liquid by evaporation.小心不要因蒸发失去太多水分。
- Our bodies can sweat,thereby losing heat by evaporation.我们的身体能出汗，由此可以蒸发散热。
- I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
- He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
- Their family has a plentiful harvest this year.他们家今年又丰收了。
- Rainfall is plentiful in the area.这个地区雨量充足。
- They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
- Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。
- Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
- The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
- Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。
- DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
- Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
- A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
- The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
- It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
- Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
- The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
- He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。
- Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
- Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
- The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。
- It is also easy to replicate,as the next subsection explains.就像下一个小节详细说明的那样，它还可以被轻易的复制。
- A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
- This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。
- A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction. 其它少数情况是高位肠梗阻。 来自辞典例句
- This complication has occasionally occurred following the use of intestinal antiseptics. 这种并发症偶而发生在使用肠道抗菌剂上。 来自辞典例句
- The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
- A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。
- We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness.我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
- It's a synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。
- She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
- This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
- A lead compound will have some property considered therapeutically useful. 一种先导化合物应具有治疗作用的特性。 来自互联网
- Drugs causing fibrinolysis have been utilized therapeutically. 纤维蛋白溶解药物已被用于临床治疗。 来自互联网
- He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
- A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
- In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
- He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
- Above a certain temperature,the enzyme molecule will become unfolded.超过一定温度，酶分子将会展开。
- An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots.能溶解血凝块中的纤维的酶。
- Those black clouds look ominous for our picnic.那些乌云对我们的野餐来说是个不祥之兆。
- There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone.电话那头出现了不祥的沉默。
- Thesolution of collagen-PVA was wet spined with the sodium sulfate as coagulant and collagen-PVA composite fibers were prepared. 在此基础上，以硫酸钠为凝固剂，对胶原-PVA共混溶液进行湿法纺丝，制备了胶原-PVA复合纤维。
- Sympathetic fibers are distributed to all regions of the heart. 交感神经纤维分布于心脏的所有部分。