时间:2019-02-07 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   在现行的英语专业四级考试(TEM一4)中,写作测试由两部分组成,即便条和作文。其中,作文是学生反映问题较为集中的部分。在平时的教学过程当中,总有很多同学询问如何才能够在短时间内提高专四作文水平。其实英语学习是一个长期积累的过程,并无太多捷径,短期的突击也无异于杯水车薪。


  但是,可以通过对于考试规律的掌握来调整临考状态,提高应考能力,从而获取最佳效果。以下,笔者就专四作文的应试策略谈几点看法。
  一、时间安排作文的写作时间为35分钟,合理的时间安排为10+20+5。前面的10分钟用来读题审题,构思并列提纲,这是考生常常忽视的一个至关重要的环节。正确的读题审题有利于理清行文思路,也避免了差之毫厘、失之千里的遗憾。
  构思列提纲就如同建筑师在盖房子之前绘制蓝图,完善、全面的提纲可使考生在这个框架内填充、扩展,而不至于跑题,避免了想到哪就写到哪的盲目性。接着的2O分钟用来按照提纲写作,最后5分钟用来检查润色。合理的时间安排是写出优秀作文必不可少的第一步。
  二、卷面设置对于作文这样的主观题而言,考生与阅卷老师在无形之中彼此互动、相互影响。一个考生可以做的,首先是通过卷面给阅卷老师留下好的第一印象。要想使自己的文章在大约一分钟的阅读时间内给老师以赏心悦目的感觉,作文的排版应该不多于卷面的2/3,不少于1/3。换句话说,就是要留有余地,不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。
  字体不要过大或过小,字间距保持均匀,字迹要工整。段落方面,格式要整齐划一,段首或一律顶格或一律空四个字母的位置。这些都有易于考生先发制人,取得先机。
  三、作文结构及内容 TEM一4作文的体裁以议论文为主,由四个部分组成:标题 (title),介绍(introduction),主体(body)和结尾(conclusion)。作文题目要求中一般包含标题,所以需要考生完成的就只有其余三个部分。
  (一)介绍(introduction) 介绍部分是一篇文章的“地图”,用来提纲挈领。其中第一句的作用是用来说明整段文章的总义和介绍文章的主题,之后的一至两句则是用来表达考生的个人意见 (论点),最后一句通常用来带领进入主体部分。文章好的开头会引人如胜,激发阅卷老师的阅读兴趣。一般说来,这一段落不宜太长,要写得简明扼要,主要可以采用以下三种方法:
  1.引用法。文章开头引用名人名言、谚语或有代表性的看法见解来引出文章要展开讨论的一种观点,并明确自己的立场。 [Sample]On Making Friends As a proverb goes,a life without a friend is a life without the sun.It is true that everybody needs friends。so I find it quite necessary to make friends.
  2.现象法。对于某种社会现象、倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章通常在文章的开始首先引出这种现象或问题,然后进行评论并提出考生自己的观点。 [Sample]On Children’s Education Chinese famlies are traditionally known for valuing the edu— cation of their children. M ost parents are trying to offer their children the best educatin,regarding it as their most important duty. It seems to me that there are three reasons for this,all of which are concerned with demands of modern life..
  3.对立法。文章开头首先引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法,然后提出考生自己的看法,或偏向的那个看法。此方法多用于有争议性的主题。 }Sample{I Prefer to Live in a Big City Different people have different ideas about where to live. Some people like to live in big cities. Others prefer country life. I think both of the lives have their advantages and disadvanta— ges. If l am to make a choice,1 will not hesitate to choose the former.
  (二)主体(body) 主体部分段首通常有一个主题句(topic sentence),用来表示该段的中心思想。下面是几个常用主题句句型:
  1.It is be— lieved that… has the following advantages.
  2. … is important in several ways.
  3. I side with this view for two reasons.
  4. … benefits us in many ways.
  接下来的文章应包含二到三个要点,用以支持主题句。考生可以通过例证、引证、对比、因果论证及反证等方法逐步论述各个要点。阅卷老师在看文章时也许会通过某些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构严谨,条理清晰,因此要在每一个要点前加入表示顺序的词汇,如:to begin with,first and fore— most;then,furthermore,besides;finally,last but not least. 1 Sample l The Importance of Extensive 1 Reading… … Extensive reading benefits us in many ways. Firs of all,by reading extens ely。we can broaden 2 our knowledge. For in— stance,newspapers and magazines can keep us informed of cur— rent events.So it is easy for us to know what is going on in the world today.Secondly,extensive reading helps us improve our reading comprehension effectively.The more we read,the better we understand and the faster our reading speed will be.W hat is more,extensive reading is the best way to enlarge 3 our vocabula— ry.Due to frequent contact with unfamiliar 4 words, we find it easy to guess the meaning of them even without referring to the dictionary.W e can often find context 5 clues for new words.
  (三)结尾(conclusion) 结尾部分的开始通常会用一个特别结论句式,如:in gener— al,to sum up,to conclude,all in all等等。在200词的文章中,这一部分不宜篇幅过长,最好用一两句话来总结全文,使其前后呼应。除非只是一个次要观点,否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解,但如果题目要求的话,考生也可以在结论上提出相应的建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。
  四、检查一篇成功的作文少不了反复推敲、一再修改。然而,由于考试时间和条件等诸多因素的限制,考生要警惕检查作文时的三大“通病”,即,数字数、孤芳自赏、和做结构与内容上大的修改。必须明确,考试作文的润色和修改只需要达到以下几个目的:拼写正确;用词准确,尤其是名词、动词、形容词、冠词和介词;语法正确,特别是人称、时态、和单复数的三“一致”;正确使用过度性词汇,从而使句子之间以及段落之间都具有逻辑性和条理性。在应试准备中,策略固然重要,还需要扎实的语言基础和写作的专门知识。提醒广大考生,在平时的学习中还应多读、多练、多总结,这样才有利于写作水平的日益提高

adj.广泛的,广阔的,广大的
  • The story had an extensive popularity among American readers.这本小说在美国读者中赢得广泛的声望。
  • The museum offers extensive facilities for study.这个博物馆提供了许多供研究的设备。
v.放宽,变宽,扩大
  • We broaden in experiences by traveling.旅行增长我们的经验。
  • Let's broaden out the discussion to talk about education as a whole.我们来扩大一下讨论范围,全面谈谈教育问题。
vt.扩大,扩展,使增大
  • This photograph is too small,please enlarge it for me.这张照片太小,请把它给我放大。
  • This book is intended to enlarge vocabulary.这本书的目的是为了扩大词汇量。
adj.陌生的,不熟悉的
  • I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
  • The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。
n.背景,环境,上下文,语境
  • You can always tell the meaning of a word from its context.你常可以从上下文中猜出词义来。
  • This sentence does not seem to connect with the context.这个句子似乎与上下文脱节。
标签: 专四 写作
学英语单词
adult T cell leukemia
alarm wheel rocker cover
antonelliana
atomic dusting
attachment of nonpressure parts
back-end networking
booster immunization
Cambridge Platonists
caraneol
case back flaw
central mechanical processing
centre rest
christianly
Class Maintained Certificate
class Taxopsida
cross - country race
currymunchers
Dal'nerechensk
deciple
declining years
degenerative process
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
discharge of pus
dog sleigh
drainage flow
drape moulding
drop-away reset
feed pipe for mortar
filifera
finskos
fishermen
galacantha valdiviae
give a fig
ground rice machine
harnessable
heteroploids
higher-order predicate calculus
horizontal exaggeration
hornlets
hydraulic cylinder piston stop rod
Igarapé Miri
infantile atrophy
inhospitably
iodine metabolism
jadite
khabris
KNRK
kruisinga
laser beam perforating machine
Leach's petrel
lift-type
loosely-suppressible character frame
Ludvika
luls
macrophyte
maitre
meeko
methyl red tests
Miami Dolphins
Microula
milk wagons
n-methyl tetrahydropapaverine
Neo-Darwinism
niching
nutation of gyroscope
oil spill biological treatment
opthalm-
outside firm
Palgrave Pt.
panstroside
paper based artificial leather
peduncular muscle
persist
powder metallurgy molybdenum
Prccyclidine
proplexity
pudding house
Puerto Arturo
quantomechanics
radioactivity log
reference eyepiece
refractory material technology
remortgaging
renal column
sheet stackers
siouaner
sketching paper
stiff-plastic making
stormlessness
subepithelia
take in a movie
temper parameter
tetraplegia
tholi
Trade follow the flag.
tubular-type tank
unwerth
variable deceleration
War Ship Changed from Merchant Ship
whoring around
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