全国职称英语等级考试试题（人文类）

第一部分　阅读理解　(75分)

Passage　1
The　16th　century,　known　as　the　"Age　of　Genius",　was　a　complicated　(复杂的)　and　difficult　time　to　live.　Many　countries　fought　for　the　power　and　riches　of　the　newly　discovered　Americas.　Men　introduced　new　ideas　which　demanded　great　changes　in　older　ideas.　Despite　these　problems　and　possibly　because　of　them,　wonderful　things　were　done　by　the　greatest　of　men.
It　is　indeed　difficult　to　know　why　in　some　periods　you　find　many　men　of　genius　while　in　others　you　may　find　few.　The　"Age　of　Genius",　however,　produced　some　of　the　greatest　thinkers,　painters,　authors,　and　scientists.
In　Italy　during　the　High　Renaissance 1　(文艺复兴),　a　period　of　the　"Age　of　Genius",　three　famous　painters　started　their　work.　They　were　Leonardo　da　Vinci,　Michelangelo　and　Raphael.　
Leonardo　da　Vinci　is　famous　not　only　for　his　beautiful　paintings　but　also　for　his　talent　in　the　sciences.　One　of　his　best　-　known　painting　is　the　"Mona　Lisa."　Michelangelo　was　also　a　man　of　many　talents.　He　was　an　artist;　he　wrote　poems;　he　drew　plans　for　buildings;　and　he　worked　with　other　forms　of　art.　His　best-　known　work　is　the　painting　on　the　ceiling　of　the　Sistine　Chapel 2　in　Rome　(罗马西斯教堂).
Raphael　was　known　for　his　painting.　He　made　well-balanced　pictures　out　of　many　different　actions.

1.　Another　name　for　the　16th　century　is　the　________.
○A.　Classical　Age
○B.　Middle　Ages
○C.　"Age　of　Genius"
○D.　Age　of　Renaissance

2.　To　know　why　in　some　periods　you　find　many　intelligent　men　and　few　in　other　is　__________.
○A.　an　easy　thing　to　do
○B.　a　very　difficult　thing　to　do
○C.　not　important
○D.　unnecessary

3.　Which　of　the　following　statements　is　implied　in　the　first　paragraph　of　the　passage?
○A.　Geniuses　are　born　talented.
○B.　Geniuses　are　often　produced　in　the　same　age.
○C.　Fighting　for　the　riches　of　the　newly　-　discovered　Americas　produced　geniuses.
○D.　A　period　during　which　new　ideas　were　replacing　older　ideas　might　produce　geniuses.

4.　_________　is　famous　for　his　paintings　and　for　his　talent　in　science.
○A.　Raphael
○B.　Leonardo　da　Vinci
○C.　Michelangelo
○D.　Mona　Lisa

5.　Michelangelo　is　known　for　__________.
○A.　his　Mona　Lisa
○B.　his　paintings　in　Sistine　Chapel
○C.　his　well-balanced　pictures
○D.　his　contributions　to　science

Passage　2
Football　is,　I　believe,　the　most　popular　game　in　England:　one　has　only　to　go　to　one　of　the　important　matches　to　see　this.　Rich　and　poor,　young　and　old,　one　can　see　them　all　there,　shouting　for　one　side　or　the　other.
To　a　stranger　one　of　the　most　surprising　things　about　football　in　England　is　the　great　knowledge　of　the　game　which　even　the　smallest　boy　seems　to　have.　He　can　tell　you　the　names　of　the　players　in　most　of　the　important　teams,　he　has　pictures　of　them　and　knows　the　results　of　large　number　of　matches.　He　will　tell　you　who　he　expects　will　win　such　and　such　a　match,　and　his　opinion　is　usually　as　good　as　that　of　men　three　of　four　times　his　age.
Most　schools　in　England　take　football　seriously　-　much　more　seriously　than　nearly　all　European　schools,　where　lessons　are　all　that　are　important,　and　games　are　left　for　the　children　themselves.　In　England　it　is　believed　that　education　is　not　only　a　matter　of　filling　a　boy's　mind　with　facts　in　the　classroom,　education　also　means　the　training　of　character;　and　one　of　the　best　ways　of　training　character　is　by　means　of　games,　especially　team　games,　instead　of　working　for　himself　alone.　The　school　therefore　plans　games　and　matches　for　its　pupils.　Football　is　a　good　team　game,　it　is　good　both　for　the　body　and　the　mind.　That　is　why　it　is　every　school's　game　in　England.

6.　At　football　matches,　people　often　_______　one　team　or　the　other　by　shouting.
○A.　watch
○B.　win　over
○C.　laugh　at
○D.　support

7.　In　England　school　boys　seem　_________　football　games.
○A.　to　know　a　great　deal　about
○B.　not　to　know　much　about
○C.　to　know　a　little　about
○D.　to　know　nothing　about

8.　In　the　sentence　"Hs　is　as　good　as　that　of　men　three　of　times　his　age",　"that"　means　__________.
○A.　the　match
○B.　the　opinion
○C.　the　age
○D.　the　team

9.　In　England,　education　means　__________.
○A.　filling　a　boy's　mind　with　stories
○B.　more　than　teaching　of　knowledge
○C.　the　teaching　of　knowledge　only
○D.　training　character　by　means　of　football　game

10.　Football　games　are　very　among　_________.
○A.　all　people
○B.　adults
○C.　boys　and　girls
○D.　boys　only

Passage　3
How　mean　first　learned　to　invent　words　is　unknown;　in　other　words,　the　origin　of　language　is　a　mystery　(奥秘).　All　we　really　know　is　that　men　unlike　animals,　somehow　invented　certain　sounds　to　express　thoughts　and　feelings,　actions　and　things,　so　that　they　could　communicate　with　each　other;　and　that　later　they　agreed　upon　certain　signs,　called　letters,　which　could　be　combined　to　represent　those　sounds　and　which　could　be　written　down.　Those　sounds,　whether　spoken,　or　written　in　letters,　we　call　words.
The　power　of　words,　then,　lies　in　their　association　(关联)-the　things　they　bring　up　before　our　minds.　Words　become　filled　with　meaning　for　us　by　experience;　and　the　longer　we　live,　the　more　certain　words　recall　to　us　the　glad　and　sad　events　of　our　past;　and　the　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　the　number　of　words　that　mean　something　to　us　increases.
Great　writers　are　those　who　not　only　have　great　thoughts　but　also　express　these　thoughts　in　words　which　appeal　powerfully　to　our　minds　and　emotions.　This　charming　and　telling　use　of　words　is　what　we　call　literary 3　(文学的)　style.　Above　all,　the　real　poet　is　a　master　of　words.　He　can　convey　his　meaning　in　words　which　sing　like　music,　and　which　by　their　position　and　association　can　move　men　to　tears.　We　should,　therefore,　learn　to　choose　our　words　carefully　and　use　them　accurately 4,　or　they　will　make　our　speech　silly　and　vulgar 5　(粗俗的).

11.　The　origin　of　language　is　________.
○A.　a　legend　handed　down　from　the　past
○B.　a　matter　that　is　hidden　or　secret
○C.　a　question　difficult　to　answer
○D.　a　problem　not　yet　solved

12.　One　of　the　reasons　why　men　invented　certain　sounds　to　express　thoughts　and　actions　was　that　____________.
○A.　they　could　agree　upon　certain　sings
○B.　they　could　write　them　down
○C.　they　could　communicate　with　each　other
○D.　they　could　combine　them

13.　What　is　true　about　words?
○A.　They　can　not　be　written　down.
○B.　They　can　be　written　down.
○C.　They　are　simply　sounds.
○D.　They　are　mysterious.

14.　The　real　power　of　words　exists　in　their　___________.
○A.　properties
○B.　characteristics
○C.　peculiarity 6
○D.　representative　functions

15.　Which　of　the　following　statements　is　true?
○A.　The　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　ignorant　we　are.
○B.　The　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　confused　we　will　be.
○C.　The　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　learned　we　are.
○D.　The　more　we　read　and　learn,　the　more　snobbish 7　we　become.

第二部分　完成句子　(25分)
根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字母补全。
Social　customs　and　ways　of　behaving　change.　Things　which　were　considered　impolite　many　years　ago　are　now　acceptable 8.　Just　a　few　years　ago,　it　was　considered　impolite　behaviour　for　a　man　to　smoke　on　the　street.　No　man　who　thought　of　himself　as　being　a　gentleman　would　make　a　fool　of　himself　by　smoking　when　a　lady　was　in　a　room.
Customs　also　differ　from　country　to　country.　Does　a　man　walk　on　the　left　or　the　right　of　a　woman　in　your　country?　Or　doesn't　it　matter?　What　about　table　manners?　Should　you　use　both　hands　when　you　are　eating?　Should　you　leave　one　in　your　lap,　or　on　the　table?
The　Americans　and　the　British　not　only　speak　the　same　language　but　also　share　a　large　number　of　social　customs.　For　example,　in　both　American　and　England　people　shake　hands　when　they　meet　each　other　for　the　first　time.　Also,　most　Englishmen　will　open　a　door　for　a　woman　or　offer　their　seat　to　woman,　and　so　will　most　Americans.　Promptness　(准时)is　important　both　in　England　and　in　America.　That　is,　if　a　dinner　invitation　is　for　7　o'clock,　the　dinner　guest　either　arrives　close　to　that　time　or　calls　up　to　explain　his　delay.
The　important　thing　to　remember　about　social　customs　is　not　to　do　anything　that　might　make　other　people　feel　uncomfortable　-　especially　if　they　are　your　guests.　There　is　an　old　story　about　a　man　who　gave　a　formal　dinner　party.　When　the　food　was　served,　one　of　the　guests　started　to　eat　his　peas　with　a　knife.　The　other　guests　were　amused　or　shocked,　but　the　host　calmly　picked　up　his　knife　and　began　eating　in　the　same　way.　It　would　have　bad　manners　to　make　his　guest　feel　foolish　or　uncomfortable.

16.　Social　customs　vary　not　only　in　different　times　but　also　different　c　.

17.　Generally,　the　English　and　the　Americans　speak　the　same　language　and　for　many　cases　b　in　the　same　way.

18.　In　America,　if　one　has　accepted　a　dinner　invitation,　he　should　t　the　host　to　explain　the　reason　if　he　is　to　be　late.

19.　The　best　host　is　the　person　who　tries　his　best　to　make　his　guests　feel　c　.

20.　In　the　past,　people　considered　it　b　manners　to　smoke　on　the　street.

第三部分　阅读理解　(80分)

Passage　1
Some　years　ago,　Winthrop　and　Luella　Kellogg　decided 9　to　study　this　and　other　questions,　rearing 10　a　chimpanzee　(黑猩猩)　in　a　normal　human　environment,　Gua,　a　seven-and　one-half-month-old　female　chimpanzee,　was　adopted　into　their　household　to　be　treated　in　the　same　fashion　as　their　ten-month-old　son　Donald.　The　two　babies　were　dressed　alike,　fed　in　the　same　way,　and　allowed　equal　play　opportunities.　In　going　to　the　park,　going　to　bed,　or　being　toilet　trained,　both　had　essentially 11　similar　experiences,　and　the　parents　tried　to　give　them　equal　love.
Shortly　after　the　experiment　began,　Gua　became　slightly　superior　to　Donald　in　word　recognition 12,　but　Donald's　inferiority　(劣势)　might　be　explained　on　the　basis　of　less　physical　ability.　The　chimpanzee　was　more　agile 13　(灵活的)　and　therefore　could　respond　more　readily 14　to　such　requests　as　"Get　up　on　the　chair."　As　time　passed,　however,　the　child　gained　rapidly　on　the　chimpanzee,　and　by　the　end　of　the　period　of　investigation 15　he　was　significantly　ahead　in　word　recognition.
In　word　usage 16,　Gua　remained　nonverbal　(不以言语表达的)　throughout　the　experiment.　Her　communications　included　some　gestures,　such　as　wriggling 17　(努力)　her　lips　when　she　wanted　apples　but　no　words.　She　only　gave　sudden　barks　or　cries　in　moments　of　excitement,　fear,　or　pain.　Donald,　on　the　other　hand,　passed　through　the　normal　stages　in　learning　a　spoken　language　and,　by　the　end　of　the　research,　uttered　his　first　words.　He　said　"da"　meaning　"down"　and　"bowwow　for　the　dog,　and　he　used　a　few　other　words."　But　as　his　parents　emphasized,　he　had　not　shown　language　mastery　(掌握)　either.　At　the　end　of　the　study,　he　still　had　not　used　words　in　combination.　Unfortunately,　this　research　had　to　be　discontinued　after　nine　months　partly　because　of　the　increasing　strength　and　enormous　agility 18　(灵活，敏捷)　of　Gua　around　the　house.

21.　The　main　idea　of　this　passage　is　___________.
○A.　to　show　how　chimpanzees　talk
○B.　to　describe　the　experiment　on　language　learning
○C.　to　show　the　problems　children　have　in　communicating　among　themselves
○D.　to　show　whether　chimpanzees　can　learn　language　in　a　human　environment

22.　Throughout　the　training　in　word　recognition　____________.
○A.　Gua　was　superior　to　Donald　in　everything
○B.　Gua　was　superior　at　first,　but　then　Donald　pulled　ahead
○C.　Donald　was　superior　at　all　times
○D.　Donald　and　Gua　developed　at　just　about　the　same　rate

23.　In　regard　to　word　usage,　Gua　____________.
○A.　finally　uttered　the　word　"da"
○B.　could　not　communicate　anything　at　all
○C.　could　not　learn　to　express　in　words
○D.　showed　mastery　equal　to　Donald's

24.　From　the　experiment　with　Gua,　we　may　safely　conclude　that,　after　nine　months　a　chimpanzee　will　___________.
○A.　communicate　reasonably　well
○B.　be　enormously　active　and　healthy
○C.　not　show　command　over　language
○D.　be　more　advanced　than　other　animals

25.　We　may　infer　from　the　passage　that　___________.
○A.　Gua　had　to　be　pulled　along　by　Donald
○B.　Gua　and　Donald　found　nothing　unusual　in　being　together
○C.　Gua　and　Donald　disliked　staying　together
○D.　Gua　and　Donald's　physical　abilities　were　different

Passage　2
Criticism　is　judgment 19.　A　critic　is　a　judge.　A　judge　must　study　and　think　about　the　material　presented　to　him,　accept　it,　correct　it　or　reject　it　after,　thinking　over　what　he　has　read,　watched　or　heard.
That　sort　of　critical　re…………