大学英语精读第五册 Unit 10

                 UNIT 10

TEXT

In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation 1 Proclamation freeing all slaves in the United States. One hundred years after this decree was signed, however, the life of blacks was still "sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation 2 and the chains of discrimination." On August 28, 1963, a quarter of a million people of all races came to Washington, D. C. to show their support for freedom and justice for all Americans, and for black people in particular. At that demonstration 3 Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered this famous speech, widely regarded as the most eloquent 4 statement of the black people's dreams and aspirations 5 ever made. Dr. King told the world, "I have a dream" that equality would come "to all of God's children." He said he wanted everyone to be able to "join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, 'Free at last! Free at last!…'"

              I Have a Dream
                   by Martin Luther King, Jr.

    Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic 6 shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous 7 decree came as a great beacon 8 light of hope to millions of Negro salves who had been seared in the flames of withering 9 injustice 10. It came as a joyous 11 daybreak to end the long night of captivity 12.
    But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic 13 fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred tears later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing 14 in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling 15 condition.
    In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
    It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check; a check which has come back marked "insufficient 16 funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults 17 of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of Democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate 18 valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood 19.
    It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate 20 discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end, but a beginning. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship 21 rights. The whirlwind of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.
    But there is something I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred 22. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate 23 into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic 24 heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy 25 which people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone.
    And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality 27. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue 28 of travel, cannot gain lodging 29 in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only," We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility 30 is from a smaller ghetto 31 to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty 32 stream.
    I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations 33 of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed 34: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal."
 I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that even the state of Mississippi, a desert state sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis 35 of freedom and justice.
    I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
    I have a dream today.
    I have a dream that the state of Alabama will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.
    I have a dream today.
    I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted 36, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough place will be made plain, and the crooked 37 places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.
    This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew 38 out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords 39 of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
    This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning:
      My country, tis of thee
      Sweet land of liberty
       Of thee I sing:
     Land where my fathers died,
     Land of the pilgrims' pride,
     From every mountainside
        Let freedom ring.
    And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious 40 hilltops of New Hampshire! Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!
    Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado!
    Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California!
    But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia!
    Let freedom ring from Lookout 41 Mountain of Tennessee.
    Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring.
    When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty 43, we are free at last!" 

NEW WORDS

    Jr.
abbr. Junior, a term used with name of a son who has the same name as his father
    symbolic
a.  of, having to do with, or using symbols 象征（性）的
    emancipation
n.  the act or process of setting free from slavery
    proclamation
n.  an official public announcement 宣言，声明
    proclaim
vt. announce publicly
    momentous
n.  very important or significant 重大的
    momentum
n.  the force or speed of a moving object 动量
    decree
n.  an official order; law 法令
    beacon
n.  a light used to guide or warn  灯塔；灯标
    Negro
n.  a person belonging to the black race
    sear
vt. burn with a powerful heat 烧焦灼伤
    flame
n.  a glowing mass of light given off by a burning substance  火焰
    wither
v.  (cause to) dry up （使）枯萎
    joyous
a.  full of joy; joyful
    daybreak
n.  the time each morning when light first shows;
    captivity
n.  the state of being in prison or held against one's will 监禁；束缚
    captive
vt. (a person) confined or held against his will
    cripple
vt. injure so as to make useless 使伤残
    manacle
n.  (usu. pl.) either of a pair of iron rings joined by a chain, used for fastening the hands or feet of a prisoner 手铐；脚镣
    segregation
vt. the separate of one racial group from the rest of society 种族隔离
    segregate 44
vt. separate or keep apart from others
    discrimination
n.  behavior marked by unfairness or injustice toward others because of color, religion, sex, or age 歧视
    poverty
n.  the condition of being poor
    prosperity
n.  success or good fortune
    languish
vi. experience long suffering 受苦，受折磨
    exile
n.  forced removal from one's country or home; a person who has been forced to leave his country （被）流放（者）
    appalling
a.  shocking; extremely bad 骇人听闻的，极恶劣的
    architect
n.  a person who designs buildings and supervises their construction; a maker 45; creator 建筑师；设计师；缔造者；创造者
    independence
n.  the condition or quality of being independent
    promissory
a.  containing or implying a promise
    promissory note
a.  written promise to pay a stated sum of money to a certain person at a certain time 期票
    heir
n.  a person who inherits or has the right to inherit the money or property of another 继承人
    inalienable
a.  cannot be taken away 不可剥夺的
    liberty
n.  freedom from the control or rule of another
    pursuit
n.  the act of pursuing; an occupation
    default
vi. fail to do what is required
    insofar
ad. to such an extent or degree
    sacred
a.  holy 神圣的
    obligation
n.  a duty one must carry out 义务，责任
    insufficient
a.  not enough
    justice
n.  the quality of being just or fair; fair treatment according to law or honor
    bankrupt
a.  unable to pay one's debts 破产的
    vault
n.  a room with strong walls, used for keeping valuables safe 金库，保管库
    riches
n.  great wealth
    hallow
vt. make or treat as holy 使成神圣；把...视为神圣
    urgency
n.  need for immediate 46 action or attention
    tranquilize
vt. make or treat as holy
    gradualism
n.  the principle or method of gradual, as opposed to immediate, change
    desolate
a.  without people; lonely and sad 荒凉的;孤寂的
    racial
a.  of or having to do with race
    quicksand
n.  a naturally occurring mixture of sand and water into which anything resting on its surface sinks 流沙
    brotherhood
n.  close feeling or friendship among a group; fellowship
    fatal
a.  causing death; bringing danger or ruin
    underestimate
vt. guess too low a value for; have too low an opinion of
    determination
n.  a strong and firm purpose 决心
    sweltering
n.  unpleasantly hot
    swelter
v.  oppress with, or suffer from, heat
    legitimate
a.  being or acting 47 in agreement with the law; reasonable, fair 合法的；合理的
    discontent
n.  lack of satisfaction; restless unhappiness
    invigorate
vt. to give a feeling of freshness and healthy strength to 使精力充沛；使健壮
    equality
n.  the condition of being equal
    tranquility
n.  calmness; peacefulness
    citizenship
n.  the state being a citizen
    whirlwind
n.  a strong wind that turns round and round 旋风
    threshold
n.  a piece of wood, or stone placed beneath a door; the place or point of beginning 门槛；开端
    rightful
a.  in accordance with is just or legally correct
    wrongful
a.  unjust; illegal
    thirst
n.  a desire for drink, knowledge, freedom, etc.
    hatred
n.  extremely strong dislike
    discipline
n.  orderly behavior resulting from training and obedience 48 to rules
    degenerate
vi. decline in physical, mental, or moral qualities 蜕化；堕落
    majestic
a.  dignified 49 and noble 庄严的，壮丽的
    majesty
n.  a stately, grand appearance; splendor 50 威严；壮丽
    militancy
n.  warlike behavior or tendency; militant 51 spirit or policy
    militant
a.  aggressive; warlike
    engulf
vt. flow over and swallow up; overwhelm 吞没；席卷
    destiny
n.  the fate or fortune of a person or thing
    inextricably
ad. beyond disentanglement; inseparably 解不开地；不可分（割）地
    devotee
n.  a person who is strongly devoted 52 to sth.
    unspeakable
a.  that can not be expressed in words; had or objectionable beyond description
    horror
    a strong feeling of dread 53, shock, or fear; sb. or sth. that causes horror （引起）恐怖（的人或物）
    brutality
n.  brutal 26 conduct; cruelty 暴行，残忍
    brutal
a.  cruel and harsh; savage 54 残暴的，野蛮的
    fatigue
n.  a feeling of being tired
    highway
n.  a main public road
    strip
vt. remove the clothing or a covering of (sb.); take away the title rights, office, or self-respect of (sb.)
    selfhood
n.  personal individuality; one's personality  个性，人格
    mobility
n.  the ability to move or be moved; the movement of people from one social group or status to another
    ghetto
n.  a section of a city, often a slum, in which members of a minority group live 少数民族聚居区；贫民区
    righteousness
n.  upright conduct; justice 正直；正义
    mighty
a.  having or showing great strength or size 强大的；浩大的
    frustration
n.  the act of frustrating 55 or the condition of being frustrated 56 挫折
    slaveowner
n.  an owner of slaves
    oppression
n.  the act or fact of oppressing; cruel or unjust treatment 压迫
    oppress
vt. control or rule in an unjust or harsh way
    transform
vt. change in form, nature, function, or appearance
    oasis
vt. an area in a desert where there is water and plant life 绿洲
    exalt
vt. raise to a higher level; elevate 提升
    crooked
a.  not straight; bent 57 or curved 弯的，扭曲的
    flesh
n.  the human race; mankind
    hew
vt. cut with an ax 砍，劈
    despair
n.  complete loss of hope or confidence 绝望
    jangle
v.  (cause to) sound harshly （使）发出嗓音
    discord
n.  lack of harmony in notes sounded at the same time; harsh, clashing sounds 不（谐）和；嘈杂声
    symphony
n.  a long musical composition written to be played by an orchestra; a large orchestra made up of string, wind, and percussion 58 instruments 交响乐（团）
    thee
pron. (old use) (object form of thou) you
    pilgrim
n.  a person who travels to a religious shrine 59 or other sacred places; one of the English settlers who founded Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1962 朝圣者；清教徒前辈移民
    mountainside
n.  the side or slope of a mountain
    prodigious
a.  wonderfully large, powerful, etc. 巨大的；惊人的；奇妙的
    hilltop
n.  the top of hill
    heighten
v.  make or become higher or greater
    snowcapped
a.  covered by snow at the top
    curvaceous
a.  rounded; attractively or well proportioned
    slope
n.  a surface that is not flat; a piece of ground going up or down
    molehill
n.  a small mound 60 of earth thrown up by a mole 42 digging underground 鼹鼠丘
    hamlet
n.  a small village
    Jew
n.  a person who is descended 61 from the Hebrew people or whose religion is Judaism 犹太人
    Gentile
n.  a person who is not a Jew非犹太人；非犹太教徒
    protestant
n.  a Christian 62 belonging to a church that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century  新教徒
    Catholic
n.  a member of the Roman Catholic Church  天主教徒
    spiritual
n., a. a religious folk song sung originally by the black people; of the spirit rather than the body 黑人圣歌；精神（上）的
    almighty
a.  able to do everything; omnipotent 63全能的

PHEASES & EXPRESSIONS

in a sense
    in some ways but not in all; somewhat
fall heir to
    inherit (money, title, property, etc.)
default on
    fail to pay or do when due
remind of
    cause (sb.) to remember, recall to sb.'s mind
cool off
    make or become less warm, excited, ardent 64, or interested
on the threshold (of)
    about to experience
guilty of
    responsible for (violation of law, morally unacceptable behavior, etc.)
tie up with
    connect to; relate to
strip of
    take (sth. of value) away from
live out
    live through; experience; do the things one has thought about
stand up for
    fight for
speed up
    (cause to) go faster

PROPER NAMES
 
    Martin Luther King, Jr.
    小马丁.路德.金
    Mississippi
    密西西比（州）
    Georgia
    佐治亚（州）
    Alabama
    歪拄巴马（州）
    New Hampshire
    新罕布什尔（州）
    Alleghenies, the
    阿勒格尼山脉
    Pennsylvania
    宾夕法尼亚（州）
    Rockies, the
    落矶山脉
    Colorado
    科罗拉多（州）
    Stone Mountain
    斯通山
    Lookout Mountain
    卢考特山
    Tennessee
    田纳西（州）