时间:2019-02-05 作者:英语课 分类:英美文化


英语课

   所谓官话,就是在英语中,故意用复杂、夸张的词汇,来代替简单、平易的词汇,以便让人感觉到文章具有某种重要性,从而达到“唬人”的效果。在这篇文章中,作者列举了克林顿、布什两届政府惯用的一些官话,比如“方法”和“技术”这两个意思,原本用method和technique来表达就可以了,而白宫发言人却喜欢用methodology和technology来表达。作者分析这其中的原因,就是这两个单词中都包含表示“学科”的后缀ology,能够给人一种很学术、很权威的感觉,从而达到“唬人”的效果。其它官话例子还包括:


  ①用on a monthly basis(以月为单位)代替monthly(每月)②用interpersonal communication(人际沟通)代替conversation(对话)③用technical documentation(技术文档)代替manual(手册)④用administrative leave(行政假期)代替suspension(暂停)⑤用chemical dependency(化学依赖性)代替addiction(吸毒成瘾)作者认为,从90年代中期以来,官话对美国英语的表达方式产生了不良影响,其结果是:在许多非政治领域的英语中,也开始出现了官话。作者提到一份著名体育刊物,其中一篇文章介绍一位腿部受伤的足球运动员,经过治疗和锻炼,终于能够重新站立起来,文章中没有使用stand(站立)这个单词,而是使用maintain vertical 1 posture(保持垂直姿态)这个绕嘴的词组。因此作者呼吁美国各行各业写文章的人,坚决抵制官话。
  不过遗憾的是,我们中国的英语学习者,好象也受到了美国官话的影响。比如下面第一句话,选自一篇介绍中国节约能源的文章(作者是中国人),很明显具有官话味道,比如作者将沼气等新能源称做ecologically renewable resources(生态学上可更新的资源)。我认为中国学生,如果没有受到美国官话的影响,是不可能这样说话的。我个人倾向于将第一句话修改为下面第二句话,以减少它的官话味道。
  Utilization 2 of ecologically renewable resources such as methane 3 is increasing in the rural areas. 一些生态学上可更新的资源(例如甲烷)的利用,正在农村地区增加。
  Use of new energies such as marsh 4 gas is increasing in the rural areas. 一些新能源(例如沼气)的使用,正在农村地区增加。

adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
  • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
  • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
n.利用,效用
  • Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
  • Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式,完全驳倒了这种想象。
n.甲烷,沼气
  • The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
  • Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。
n.沼泽,湿地
  • There are a lot of frogs in the marsh.沼泽里有许多青蛙。
  • I made my way slowly out of the marsh.我缓慢地走出这片沼泽地。
标签: 官话
学英语单词
airglow excitation
Alouette's operation
arthrodesis of spine
asmear
be open to an offer
blow-holes
bomber jackets
brake failures
Brodmann areas
burrdrill
call mission
cancellata
catilerver bridge
cellulose acetate-butyrate
checkerwise
chemmill
circuit tester
comeuppance
cultipacker
cut-in note
decessions
disagreeable women
double helical tooth
drumbles
earthians
equipment characteristic distortion
eye patches
family Petromyzontidae
gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
Gesner, Abraham
gingival stomatitis
glottal roll
guama
Hamatocactus
have one's legs under someone's mahogany
hollow floor
hook holes
i-teiled
IGU,I.G.U.
illegal combatant
in debt
intellectual sensitivity
karyogenesis
Kuzhorskaya
laser show
leeboards
library consultant and consulting
lifejacket locker
linger out a feeble existence
macroassembler software library catalog
magmatic
marijuana
marzipanned
maternal drive
min max system
multi-frequency reed gauge
multi-roller vertical machine
multimodal transport contract
naftalan
navigational danger report
neutron (-induced) embrittlement
operating earnings before tax
outglow
overgenerous
pathogenesis of liver disease
Penmestrol
phonograph recording disks
piece-worker
plant binder
pluglike
pointwisetopology
Pollution by Chemicals
polyvalent vaccine
prompt critical reactor
provocation method
red rag to a bull
remedies for breach
ride-in
service abroad of documents
shurtleff
skill-builders
slab-coke oven
sordidest
symmetry point
Tennant
thumb-operated control stick
token payment
top height
trihydroxy isosterocholenic acid
trophopathia myelodysplastica
u-factor
ultrasonic(wave) seal
United Kingdom or Continent
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
USB drive
vegetal debris
WAF-1
wcg
wet cold disease
wing tip plate
wites
Yartsevskiy Rayon