巧用还原法快解单选题

 　　在英语的单项填空题中，有许多是针对考生解题的思维定势所设计的“陷阱题”。出题人往往通过变化句子结构，把简单的句子改写成一个少见或陌生的结构，来干扰学生的思路，使学生误入“歧途”。对于这类题考生可以反其道而行之，把题干还原为自己所熟悉的结构。这样，题目就会变得简单，答案也就比较容易判定。具体来说，可采用以下几种方法：

　　一、疑问句改为陈述句
　　疑问句的使用，使句子的结构变得陌生，考生可将题干还原成陈述句。如：
　　1. Whom would you rather have _________ with you?
　　A. to go B. go C. gone D. going
　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： Would you rather have whom ________ with you. 很容易看出测试的知识点是 have sb. do 结构。答案为 B 。
　　2. Is this factory _________ you visited yesterday?
　　A. that B. which C. the one D. where
　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： This factory is ___________ you visited yesterday. 很容易看出该句缺先行词，所以选“ the one ”。答案选 C.
　　试比较： Is this the factory _________ you visited yesterday?
　　A. when B. which C. the one D. where
　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： This is the factory __________ you visited yesterday. 此句缺定语从句的连接词。答案为 B 。
　　二 . 陈述句改为倒装句
　　考生们经常接触的是倒装句，而命题者却有意地使用陈述句来命题。如：
　　We had ______ got home than it began to rain.
　　A. no sooner B. hardly C. almost D. nearly
　　分析：“ no sooner … than ”是考生非常熟悉的一个倒装句型，但命题者却使用了一个陈述句。如果将题干还原为 _________had we got home than it began to rain, 就能很容易地选出答案 A 了。
　　三 . 倒装句改为陈述句
　　On the grass _________ two sheep.
　　A. lies B. lie C. laid D. lying
　　分析：将题干还原为陈述句： Two sheep _________ on the grass. 答案为 B.
　　四 . 去掉从句
　　命题者有时会故意在句子中插入从句造成主谓隔离以增强干扰。如果将从句去掉，题干就会变得很简单。如：
　　1. The young student did all that he could ________ the examinations 1.
　　A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed
　　分析： that he could 是一个定语从句。将其去掉就会发现这个句子少了一个目的状语。答案为 B 。
　　2. The days we look forward to ________ at last.
　　A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming
　　分析：本题易被误认为介词 to 的后面要接动名词（即动词 -ing 形式）。实际上 we look forward to 是一个定语从句，介词 to 的宾语为 the days 。去掉这个从句，就可以看出题干中缺少一个谓语。答案为 C 。
　　3. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since the opening policy 2.
　　A. change B. has changed
　　C. changing D. having changed
　　分析：去掉从句 he was used to ，可以看出本题缺少一个谓语。答案为 B 。
　　五 . 去掉插入语
　　1. Who do you think _________ us a talk this afternoon?
　　A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving
　　分析： do you think 是插入语，把它去掉，答案也就一目了然了。答案为 C 。
　　2. He believes in himself, ________, in my opinion, is of the most importance.
　　A. that B. which C. what D. as
　　分析：去掉 in my opinion 可知这是一个非限定性定语从句。答案为 B 。
　　3. The manager decided 3 to give the job to __________ he believed had a strong sense of duty.
　　A. whomever B. whoever 4 C. who D. those
　　分析：去掉 he believed ，很容易得出答案 B 。
　　六 . 被动句改为主动句
　　由于被动句的使用，句子的结构相对于主动句不是那么清楚。如果将其改为主动句，句子结构就会变得清楚一些。如：
　　1. Every minute should be made good use of ________ our lessons well.
　　A. learing B. learned 5 C. to learn D. learns
　　分析：将题干还原为主动句： We should make good use of every minute _________ our lessons well. 可以发现介词 of 有其相应的宾语，其后不能再用动名词作宾语，而应用不定式作目的状语。答案为 C 。
　　2. The little boy was caught _________ in the shop.
　　A. to steal B. stealing C. steal D. stole
　　分析：将题干还原为主动句： The salesman caught the boy _________ in the shop. 很容易看出考查的知识点为 catch sb. doing sth. 答案为 B 。
　　七 . 省略句改为完整句
　　省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题，可将省略的成分恢复，使句子的结构变得完整而明朗，进而再选择合适的答案。如：
　　1. － How long has this bookshop been in business?
　　－ ______ 1982.
　　A. After B. In C. Since D. From
　　分析：将答语部分补全： This bookshop has been in business ______ 1982. 在所给的选项中只有 since 能与现在完成时连用。答案为 C 。
　　2. － What made her mother so angry?
　　－ ______ the exam.
　　A. Because she didn't pass
　　B. Her not passing
　　C. She didn't
　　D. Because her not passing
　　分析：将答语部分补全： _______ the exam made her mother so angry. 可以看出句子缺少一个主语，而能用作主语的是 B 项，即动名词的复合结构作主语。答案为 B 。
　　八 . 强调句改为一般句
　　It is the protection 6 for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
　　A. what B. that C. / D. which
　　分析：将题干还原为： The protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. 此题为强调句，强调主语。答案为 B 。