VOA标准英语2011--Gorbachev's Domestic Reforms Led to End of Soviet Union
时间：2019-02-03 作者：英语课 分类：VOA标准英语2011年(十二月)
Gorbachev's Domestic Reforms Led to End of Soviet 1 Union
December marks the 20th anniversary of the collapse 2 of the Soviet Union. It was the internal reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet leader, that contributed to the demise 3 of the Soviet Union.
Gorbachev emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union in early 1985. At 54, he was the youngest member of the ruling Politburo that voted him into power.
Former National Security Adviser 4, General Brent Scowcroft, said the Soviet Union previously 5 had a succession of elderly leaders.
"So Gorbachev, I think, was brought in to stimulate 6 the system. And exactly how, we didn’t know. And I’m not sure he did,” said Scowcroft.
For the next six years, Gorbachev embarked 7 on a series of domestic reforms that radically 8 changed the Soviet Union.
Former U.S. Ambassador to Moscow Thomas Pickering said, "What he attempted to do is, he analyzed 9 where Russia was going and attempted to ride a horse - instead, he was on the back of a bucking 10 elephant.”
Gorbachev’s reforms touched all segments of society. It included freeing press restrictions 11 and releasing political prisoners and dissidents from jail and internal exile.
“He was not a democrat 12, but he was trying to get more efficiency out of the system and reduce the extent of coercion 13 and oppression,” said Scowcroft.
One institution Gorbachev failed to reform, however, was the Soviet Communist Party. And it is within its ranks, along with the leadership of the military and the KGB, that hardliners attempted a coup 14 against Gorbachev in August 1991.
But the coup failed.
“It was a pretty inept 15 coup attempt. It was not carefully planned, not carefully carried out,” said Scowcroft.
Pickering agrees, saying “It had bankrupt leadership. It was in some ways vodka-soaked, elderly, old think."
The Soviet Union collapsed 16 four months after the failed coup attempt. And, said Scowcroft, that allowed Boris Yeltsin, Gorbachev’s nemesis 17, to take Gorbachev head on.
“Now how do you eliminate Gorbachev? You pull the Soviet Union right from under him. And I think the end of the Soviet Union, the technical end of it, was in large part because then Gorbachev had no job,” said Scowcroft.
Many experts say Gorbachev unleashed 18 forces he ultimately couldn’t contain - forces that inevitably 19 led to the demise of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991, when Gorbachev resigned as Soviet president.
- Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
- Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
- The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
- The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
- He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
- The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。
- They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
- Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。
- The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
- Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。
- Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
- Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
- We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
- She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。
- I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
- The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。
- The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- a bucking bronco in the rodeo 牛仔竞技表演中一匹弓背跳跃的野马
- That means we'll be bucking grain bags, bustin's gut. 那就是说咱们要背这一袋袋的谷子，得把五脏都累坏。 来自辞典例句
- I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
- a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
- The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
- About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。
- Neither trickery nor coercion is used to secure confessions.既不诱供也不逼供。
- He paid the money under coercion.他被迫付钱。
- The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
- That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。
- Whan an inept remark to make on such a formal occasion.在如此正式的场合，怎么说这样不恰当的话。
- He's quite inept at tennis.他打网球太笨。
- Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
- The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
- Uncritical trust is my nemesis.盲目的相信一切害了我自己。
- Inward suffering is the worst of Nemesis.内心的痛苦是最厉害的惩罚。
- The government's proposals unleashed a storm of protest in the press. 政府的提案引发了新闻界的抗议浪潮。
- The full force of his rage was unleashed against me. 他把所有的怒气都发泄在我身上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
- Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。