时间:2019-02-02 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

二、谨慎选用极易混淆的词语 

英译商务合同时,常常由于选同不当而寻致词不达意或者意思模棱两可,有时甚至表达的是完全不同的含义。因此了解与掌握极易混淆的词语的区别是极为重要的,是提高英译质量的关键因素之一,现把常用且易混淆的七对词语,用典型实例论述如下。


2.1. shipping 1 advice 与 shipping instructions
shipping advice 是“装运通知”,是由出口商(卖主)发给进口商(买主)的。然而 shipping instructions 则是“装运须知”,是进口商(买主)发给出口商(卖主)的。另外要注意区分 vendor 2(卖主)与 vendee(买主),consignor(发货人)与 consignee(收货人)。上述这三对词语在英译时、极易发生笔误。 


2.2. abide 3 by 与 comply with
abide by 与 comply with 都有“遵守”的意思。但是当主语是“人”时,英译“遵守”须用 abide by。当主语是非人称时,则用 comply with 英译“遵守”。 
例 3:双方都应遵守/双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。
Both parties Shall abide by/All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.


2.3. change A to B 与 change A into B
英译“把 A 改为 B”用“change A to B”,英译“把 A 折合成/兑换成 B”用“change A into B”,两者不可混淆。 
例 4:交货期改为8月,并将美元折合成人民币。
Both parties agree that change the time of shipment to August and change US dollar into Renminbi.


2.4. ex 与 per
源自拉丁语的介词 ex 与 per 有各自不同的含义。英译由某轮船“运来”的货物时用 ex,由某轮船“运走”的货物用 Per,而由某轮船“承运”用 by。 
例 5:由“维多利亚”轮运走/运来/承运的最后一批货将于10月1 日抵达伦敦。
The last batch 4 per/ex/by S.S. "Victoria" will arrive at London on October (S.S. = Steamship) 


2.5. in 与 after 
当英译“多少天之后”的时间时,往往是指“多少天之后”的确切的一天,所以必须用介词 in,而不能用 after,因为介词 after 指的是“多少天之后”的不确切的任何一天。 
例 6:该货于11月10日由“东风”轮运出,41 天后抵达鹿特丹港。
The good shall be shipped per M.V. "Dong Feng" on November 10 and are due to arrive at Rottedaml in 140 days. (M.V.= motor vessel) 


2.6. on/upon 与 after
 
当英译“……到后,就……”时,用介词 on/upon,而不用 after,因为 after 表示“之后”的时间不明确。
例 7:发票货值须货到付给。
The invoice 5 value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods.


2.7. by 与 before
当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词 by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词 before。 
例 8:卖方须在6月15日前将货交给买方。
The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by June 15.(or: before June 16,说明含6 月15日在内。如果不含6月15日,就译为by June 14 或者 before June 15。) 



n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
n.卖主;小贩
  • She looked at the vendor who cheated her the other day with distaste.她厌恶地望着那个前几天曾经欺骗过她的小贩。
  • He must inform the vendor immediately.他必须立即通知卖方。
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
  • You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
  • If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
n.一批(组,群);一批生产量
  • The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
  • I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。
vt.开发票;n.发票,装货清单
  • The seller has to issue a tax invoice.销售者必须开具税务发票。
  • We will then send you an invoice for the total course fees.然后我们会把全部课程费用的发票寄给你。
学英语单词
acops
Adams, John Quincy
aegolipton sauteri
afwerki
an age ago
andantex
aqueductus Sylyii
automelon
Baimovo
Baker bell dolphin
Barry's retinaculum
batch transfer
benitoes
black-white leprosy
Boltzmann H theorem
buison
calcareous sacs
catch with the goods
CCS7
Cedrus Mill.
chiminin
Cis-4-hydroxymethylproline
CML (current mode logic)
cold rolled band
conduct out
consumer test
contilever span
d'eramo
day for night
detrimental gene (muller 1934)
dibydroxyacetone phosphoric acid
dna spray
double-mass analysis
earthquake prone area
embossing black
endless (chain)belt
evolutionary operation method
execute script
existential philosopher
exolution
exposed surface
failure reason
farallon
fauxminists
feasible constraints
filling amount
flammeous
floodmark
fueling indicator
gas applicance engineers
guinier-preston (g. p.) zone
Harbitz
hazard identification
head post
hepsin
high-budget
host and parasites
identical categorisations
incidental variation
insisting upon
interclade
intrinsic magnetic moment
inverted nine-spot pattern
isaac hulls
labeled common block name
laporteas
lever tongs
miniature casting
modulus of machine
moiety
monsoon active period
negative leap second
Nelemnoye
nozzle characteristics
optical power tracking
palpebro-buccal
peel-off
penniculus
plosive speech sound
primary area of operations
probing into
proper wedge graft
pullens
recent years
regular matrix
robusta
schwahn
sensitizing antigen
simple quadruple meter
standard snow tube
sundowner
superbiquintal
theil
theoretical rate
tires
tumo(u)r diagnostics
tunnel graft
vesical tenesmus
Villiers de l'Isle Adam
visual aphasias
vitodynamic
Weidman,Jerome