which of these cities does NOT have a congestion charge?

Many cities in the world have introduced a 'congestion 1（混杂，拥挤，过剩） charge'. But which of these cities does NOT have a congestion charge?

a) Stockholm
b) Singapore
c) Geneva
Dhaka traffic

Jackie:Hello, this is 6 minute English with bbclearningenglish.com. I'm Jackie Dalton, speaking to you from the streets of Dhaka, the Bangladeshi capital. With me today is our producer in Bangladesh, Senjuti Masud. Hello Senjuti!
Senjuti:Hello!
Jackie:There's a reason why we're out in the streets today, if you listen to the sounds going on around us, you'll get a clue 2 as to what today's programme is about. Senjuti, today's topic was your idea… can you tell us what it is?
Senjuti:Yes, traffic.
Jackie:Right, and when I asked you… 'Let's make a programme about Dhaka - what shall we make it about?' Why was traffic the first thing that came to your mind?
(both discuss)
Jackie:Because there is so much traffic out here and it's so noisy, why don't we go inside so we can hear each other speak!
Ah, that's better. Before we continue, I have a question for you: many cities in the world have introduced a 'congestion charge', which is when you have to pay to drive your car into the city center. But which of these cities does NOT have a congestion charge?
Stockholm Singapore
Geneva
Senjuti: I think it's Singapore
Jackie: Well, we'll find out if you were correct at the end of the programme. But now, let's look at some traffic related 3 vocabulary. I like to use bad traffic as an excuse when I come in late to the office in the mornings. So I might say something like 'Ah, I'm sorry, I was stuck in traffic!'
Senjuti:Yes, and an expression we often hear related to traffic is a 'traffic jam'. So you could say, 'There was a really bad traffic jam!'
Jackie: Yes, a traffic jam. There are lots of traffic jams in Dhaka. You could also say there's 'really heavy traffic' in Dhaka – heavy traffic – lots of vehicles 4 on the road. What other words come to mind when you think about traffic?
Senjuti: One word we might hear is chaos 5（混乱） – when everything is crazy!
Jackie: Ah yes, chaos, everything is crazy and disorganized… it's chaos on the roads at the moment! I think it takes me about half an hour to get to work in the mornings.
Senjuti: Yes, it can quite boring…and that made me wonder: in Dhaka we spend so much time sitting in traffic jams – what do people do so they don't get bored?
Jackie: OK, let's have a listen. As you listen try to answer this question: what kinds of things do people do so they don't get bored in traffic?
Clip 6
Girl 1:I might play with my cell 7 phone, maybe games or rechecking（翻仓复查） my inbox or may be calling someone and chatting with them… with friends
Man 1:We just wait for the traffic to get clear… and… listen to some CDs that we have in our car.
Jackie: OK, so what did we have there?
Senjuti: Well, the girl says she plays with her cell phone. For example, she might play games. And sometimes she chats to friends on the phone.
Jackie: And the man says he just waits for the traffic to clear and maybe listens to CDs or something.
Senjuti: But one girl we spoke 8 to just gets cross. Who does she get cross with? Listen to find out.

Clip
Girl 2:Well actually when I am stuck in the traffic, I don't really think of anything, just that I get mad…. I keep on thinking that… government … they are not actually taking much care to, you know, solve this problem. And that's why the traffic is increasing every single day.
Jackie: She gets cross with the government because she thinks the government isn't doing enough to sort out the traffic. Senjuti, she used the word 'mad' there, which is American English for angry – to get mad. What other emotion words might we associate 9 with being stuck in traffic?
Senjuti:frustration 10（挫折，顿挫）
Jackie: Frustration, to be frustrated 11. To be annoyed 12, usually because you can't achieve something you that you want to achieve. Or things aren't going to plan.
Senjuti: I find being in traffic tedious 13（沉闷的，单调乏味的）
Jackie: Tedious – another good word – very boring – tedious. So Senjuti what do you do in traffic jams to try to make them a bit less tedious?
(both discuss)
Jackie: Well it's nearly time for the end of the programme, let's see if you got the correct answer to the question at the beginning…
(answer)
That's all for this week, but do join us again for more 6 minute English. Goodbye! (本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑)

点击收听单词发音  






1
congestion

  
 


n.阻塞，消化不良


参考例句：





The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。
Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。












2
clue

  
 


n.线索；提示；词语


参考例句：





She will clue you in about this.她将为你提供这方面情况。
No clue to his whereabouts has been found.至今没有找到有关他行踪的线索。












3
related

  
 


adj.有关系的，有关联的，叙述的，讲述的


参考例句：





I am not related to him in any way.我和他无任何关系。
We spent days going through all related reference material.我们花了好多天功夫查阅所有有关的参考资料。












4
vehicles

  
 


n.运载工具；传播媒介；（为展露演员才华而）特意编写的一出戏（或电影等）；[画]展色剂；交通工具( vehicle的名词复数 )；车辆；传播媒介；手段


参考例句：





There is not much clearance for vehicles passing under this bridge. 车辆在这座桥下通过时没有多少余隙。
to carry out random spot checks on vehicles 对车辆进行抽检












5
chaos

  
 


n.混乱，无秩序


参考例句：





After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。












6
clip

  
 


n.夹子，别针，弹夹，片断；vt.夹住，修剪


参考例句：





May I clip out the report on my performance?我能把报道我的文章剪下来吗？
She fastened the papers together with a paper clip.她用曲别针把文件别在一起。












7
cell

  
 


n.区，细胞，血球；小室，牢房；电池，光电管；基层组织


参考例句：





Soap destroys the cell walls of bacteria.肥皂破坏细菌的细胞壁。
They have locked the prisoners up in their cell.他们已把犯人监禁在小牢房里。












8
spoke

  
 


n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说


参考例句：





They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。












9
associate

  
 


vt.使发生联系，使联合；把…联想起来；vi.交往，结交；n.合伙人，同事；adj.副的


参考例句：





I always associate that song with my visit to Hawaii.听到那支歌我就会联想到我的夏威夷之行。
I don't associate the two ideas.这两个概念我联系不起来。












10
frustration

  
 


n.挫折，失败，失效，落空


参考例句：





He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。












11
frustrated

  
 


adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧


参考例句：





It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》












12
annoyed

  
 


adj.烦恼的，恼怒的，生气的，恼火的


参考例句：





I imagine she was pretty annoyed when she found out.我想她发现此事后一定很生气。
He was annoyed with complaints made from outside.他因外界的种种怨言而感到烦恼。












13
tedious

  
 


adj.冗长的，沉闷的，乏味的


参考例句：





The tedious job simply ate me up.那单调乏味的工作简直把我烦死了。
He was not used to the tedious of life in a small country town.他不适应这种乡村小镇的单调生活。