异类之不一样的成功启示录 第30期:计算机领域的新革命

 　　Here is how one history of the period describes the advent 1 of time-sharing:

　　让我们看看当时的历史文献是如何描绘分时系统的优势：
　　This was not just a revolution. It was a revelation.
　　这不仅仅是一项革命，并且是新的起点。
　　Forget the operator, the card decks, the wait.
　　忘掉操作员，忘掉卡片，忘掉漫长的等待。
　　With time-sharing, you could sit at your Teletype, bang in a couple of commands, and get an answer then and there.
　　在分时系统下，你可以坐在你的电传打字机前面，轻敲出程序命令，很快，结果就能传回到你这里。
　　Time-sharing was interactive 2:
　　分时系统是交互式的：
　　A program could ask for a response, wait for you to type it in, act on it while you waited, and show you the result, all in "real time."
　　你很快就能得到程序的回应，让你继续输入命令；输入命令的时候，计算机就能处理前面的命令，告诉你处理的结果，从而真正做到“实时操作”。
　　This is where Michigan came in.
　　这种情况下，密歇根大学来得正是时候。
　　Because Michigan was one of the first universities in the world to switch over to time-sharing.
　　因为密歇根大学是全美最先使用分时系统的大学之一，
　　By 1967, a prototype of the system was up and running.
　　1967年，出现了分时系统的最初版本并开始运作。
　　By the early 1970s, Michigan had enough computing 3 power that a hundred people could be programming simultaneously 4 in the Computer Center.
　　到了20世纪70年代初期，密歇根大学建立了强大的计算机体系，计算机中心能够满足上百个人同时编程的需要。
　　"In the late sixties, early seventies, I don't think there was anywhere else that was exactly like Michigan,"
　　在20 世纪60年代后期、70年代初期，我找不到任何一个地方能像密歇根大学那样，
　　Mike Alexander, who was one of the pioneers at Michigan in setting up the university's computer system, said.
　　构建密歇根计机系统的先锋人物麦克.亚历山大说，
　　"Maybe MIT. Maybe Carnegie Mellon. Maybe Dartmouth. I don't think there were any others."
　　或许麻省理工能比得上，还有卡内基梅隆大学、达特茅斯学院能与它不相上下，但除此之外，我再也想不到其他地方了。
　　This was the opportunity that greeted Bill Joy when he arrived on the Ann Arbor 5 campus in the fall of 1971.
　　这对1971年秋季进入安娜堡分校的比尔.乔伊来说是个千载难逢的机会。
　　He hadn't chosen Michigan because of its computers.
　　但他并不是冲若计箅机来到密歇根大学的，
　　He had never done anything with computers in high school.
　　此前他在中学的时候也从来没有接触过计算机，
　　He was interested in math and engineer and biology.
　　他只是对数学和工程学感兴趣。
　　But when the programming bug 6 hit him in his freshman 7 year, he found himself, by the happiest of accidents,
　　不过在他刚刚入学的时候，计算机编程就迅速占据了他全部的心思，他重新发现了自己——真是幸运的巧合
　　in one of the few places in the world where a seventeen-year-old could program all he wanted.
　　一个17 岁的少年发现了一个能随心所欲编程的地方，当时，这样的地方世界上少得可怜。
　　"Do you know what the difference is between the computing cards and time-sharing?" Joy says.
　　“你知道计算机卡片编程和分时编程的区别在哪儿吗？”乔伊说
　　"It's a difference between playing chess by mail and speed chess."
　　这就好像是通过邮递方式下棋和即时下棋之间的区别。
　　Programming wasn't an exercise in frustration 8 anymore. It was fun.
　　编程不再令乔伊觉得沮丧，而是让他觉得趣味无穷。
　　"I lived in the north campus, and the Computer Center was in the north campus," Joy went on.
　　我住在北校区，而计算机中心也刚好就在北校区，”乔伊接着说道，
　　"How much time did I spend there? Oh, a phenomenal amount of time.
　　我在计算机中心度过了多少时间？哦，那真是太多太多了。
　　It was open twenty-four hours. I would stay there all night, and just walk home in the morning.
　　计算机中心24小时开放，我整晚都待在那里，直到天亮才走回宿舍。