英语听力文摘 English Digest 38、热带丛林法则以及不雅照片词汇

　　Rainforests rule!

by Julie Bray 1

A world like no other – perhaps this is the best way to describe the world of the rainforest. No rainforest is exactly the same – yet most rainforests are now distributed in the small land area 22.5 degrees north and 22.5 degrees south of the Equator, between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer. You can find tropical rainforests in South America and Indonesia. Other rainforests flourish further from the Equator, in Thailand and Sri Lanka.

Despite occupying a relatively 2 small area, rainforests have a colossal 3 role to play in maintaining the world as we know it. Tropical rainforests are home to a rich, colourful variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. These forests sustain around 50% of all the species on Earth, and offer a way of life to many people living in and around the forest.

Rainforests are the lungs of the planet – storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world’s oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy 4 of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.

Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate tactic 5 to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars 6. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump, fly or glide 7 across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled 8 leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where leaves decompose 9 into food for the trees and other forest life.

They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal – and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually 10. This is real rain – your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won’t keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.

Worryingly, rainforests around the world are disappearing at an alarming rate, thanks to deforestation, river pollution, and soil erosion as land is being claimed for agriculture and trees are felled for wood. A few thousand years ago, tropical rainforests covered as much as 12% of the land surface on Earth, but today this has fallen to less than 5.3%.

We can only hope that the world governments work together with environmentalists and businesses to use their environmental knowledge and power to preserve the rainforests – awe-inspiring, beautiful and vital for our existence.

昨天节目的词汇复习：

题目：「不雅照片」事件引发合法议题

　　misadventure  (n.)   不幸遭遇；灾祸

After Kevin's latest misadventure behind the wheel, his parents finally decided 11 to take away his car.

to leak  (v.)   洩漏

The politician vowed 12 to find out which member of his staff leaked information about his upcoming divorce to the media.

star-struck  (adj.)   被明星煞到；对明星着迷

I've always idolized that famous TV chef, but when I finally saw him in person I was too star-struck to introduce myself.

unflattering  (adj.)   不悦目的；不雅观的

We all felt that Mia's new hairstyle was really unflattering, but everyone was too polite to say anything to her about it.

ease  (n.)   容易；不费力

I was impressed by the ease with which you lifted that heavy suitcase.

spiteful  (adj.)   恶意的；怀恨的

I know you're mad at me, but ripping a hole in my favorite shirt was just a spiteful thing for you to do.

censorship  (n.)   审查（制度）

Because there's strict censorship in that country, newspapers and magazines have to be very careful about printing anything that's critical of the government.

to spread like wildfire   迅速散布开来

Just a few years ago, no one knew what an iPod was, but now they've spread like wildfire.

a glut 13 of   过多的

That basketball team has a glut of players who can shoot three-pointers－it's too bad they don't have anyone who can play defense 14.

slippery slope   滑坡效应

Letting your son skip school for the day might be a slippery slope－eventually, he might think of all sorts of other reasons why you should let him stay home.