最新版英语听力教程 Model Test4-part c

[00:03.68]You'll hear three pieces of recorded material.

[00:08.65]Before listening to each one,

[00:12.09]you'll have time to read the questions related to it.

[00:16.82]While listening,answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D.

[00:22.75]After listening you will have time to check your answers.

[00:27.61]You will hear each piece once only.

[00:31.87]Questions 11--14 are based on the following speech on

[00:37.33]"What Is a Lie?"

[00:40.78]You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11--14.

[00:46.52]M:What exactly is a lie?

[00:51.51]Is it anything we say which we know is untrue?

[00:56.48]Or is it something more than that?

[01:00.13]For example,suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you.

[01:05.70]You say"I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself."

[01:11.37]In fact,you are not short of money but your

[01:15.52]friend is in the habit of not paying his debts

[01:20.25]and you don't want to hurt his feeling by reminding him of this.

[01:25.58]Is this really a lie?

[01:29.23]Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California

[01:35.16]has made a scientific study of lying.

[01:39.29]According to him,women are better liars 2 than men,

[01:44.15]particularly when telling a"white lie",

[01:48.41]such as when a woman at a party tells another woman

[01:53.37]that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful.

[01:58.52]However,this is only one side of the story.

[02:02.96]Other researchers say that men're more likely to tell more serious lies,

[02:09.93]such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling.

[02:15.08]This is the kind of lie politicians and

[02:19.65]businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at:

[02:24.20]the lie from which the liar 1 hopes to profit or gain in some way.

[02:30.44]Research has also been done into the way

[02:34.59]people's behaviour changes in a number of

[02:38.75]small apparently 3 unimportantways when they lie.

[02:44.10]It has been found that if they are sitting down atthe time,

[02:49.06]they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.

[02:53.43]To the trained observer they are saying

[02:57.29]"I wish I were somewhere else now."

[03:01.13]They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often,

[03:06.49]in particular the nose.

[03:09.73]One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight

[03:15.37]increase in blood pressure.

[03:19.03]The upper of the nose is very sensitive to such changes

[03:24.38]and the increased pressure makes it itch 4

[03:28.64]Of course,such gestures as rubbing the nose,or moving about in a chair

[03:34.52]cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying.

[03:39.06]They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.

[03:44.52]It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away

[03:50.09]but a whole number of things,