时间:2019-01-23 作者:英语课 分类:2018年NPR美国国家公共电台12月


英语课

 


DAVID GREENE, HOST:


And let's hear about a legal case now that could sort of unexpectedly influence the special counsel's investigation 1. Today a convict from Alabama is challenging a longstanding Supreme 2 Court precedent 3 that allows the state and federal governments to separately prosecute 4 an individual for the same crime. This case has attracted unusual attention because of its potential effects on the investigation that's being led by Robert Mueller. Here's NPR legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg.


NINA TOTENBERG, BYLINE 6: The double jeopardy 7 clause of the Constitution bars prosecuting 8 any person twice for the same offense 9. But for 160 years, the Supreme Court has said that the rule barring double prosecution 10 does not apply to separate sovereign governments because they each have separate interests. Therefore, the state and federal governments may bring separate prosecutions 11 for the same crime. Most often, these dual 5 sovereign prosecutions come in high-profile cases.


(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)


UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #1: Verdicts in the Rodney King beating case. Four Los Angeles police officers found not guilty on all but...


TOTENBERG: The verdict in the brutal 12 beating of a black man caught on video in Los Angeles sparked riots in 1992 and led to a second prosecution, this time brought by the federal government for violating King's civil rights.


(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)


UNIDENTIFIED REPORTER #2: The jury in the Rodney King civil rights trial this morning has returned guilty verdicts against two of the four Los Angeles police officers.


TOTENBERG: The case before the Supreme Court today is far more mundane 13 than the Rodney King beating case. Seven years after Terance Gamble was convicted for robbery in Alabama, he was pulled over by police for a traffic violation 14. When the cops found a handgun and two bags of pot in the car, the state charged him with violating the state law barring convicted felons 15 from possessing a firearm. He pleaded guilty to the state charges and was sentenced to serve one year in prison with the rest of his sentence suspended. But when he faced similar federal charges, three more years were added onto the sentence. Gamble appealed, contending the second conviction violated the Constitution's ban on double prosecution for the same crime. But the lower courts ruled against him, citing Supreme Court precedents 16 that allow such successive prosecutions. Now the case is before the Supreme Court, where two justices at opposite ends of the ideological 17 spectrum 18, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Clarence Thomas, have strongly suggested it may be time to reverse the separate sovereigns doctrine 19. The case has attracted extra attention because of President Trump 20's open flirtation 21 with pardoning his one-time campaign chairman Paul Manafort and other Trump associates who've been convicted or are targets of special counsel Robert Mueller. The caveat 22 to a presidential pardon, it should be noted 23, is that it only applies to federal crimes. So a state like New York, for example, could go after Manafort for the same crimes even if he is pardoned. That is the current state of the law. But if the Supreme Court were to bar such dual prosecutions, it would mean that a Trump pardon could be get-out-of-jail-free card for Manafort and others. George Washington University Law professor Stephen Saltzburg served as a top Justice Department official in the Reagan and Bush administrations.


STEPHEN SALTZBURG: There is a concern that a president of the United States could pardon an individual for all federal offenses 24, and if the Supreme Court says that states can't prosecute those offenses, it effectively is a pardon for everything.


DANIEL RICHMAN: But the thing about somebody like Manafort is he's sort of a one-man offense generator 25.


TOTENBERG: That's Columbia Law School professor and former federal prosecutor 26 Daniel Richman, who notes that complex criminal activity always leaves more to be investigated and more to be prosecuted 27. In short, just because a person is convicted of federal tax fraud or money laundering 28 doesn't mean he's protected from state prosecution.


RICHMAN: Manafort would have vanishing little protection against charges that the Manhattan DA or the New York attorney general could bring based on money laundering in New York or real estate fraud.


TOTENBERG: After all, each money laundering transaction, each false statement on a state form, is a separate criminal act. Terance Gamble, the defendant 29 at the center of today's Supreme Court case, is the relatively 30 rare dual-sovereign defendant who is not involved in other major criminal activity. Indeed, he was prosecuted on federal charges because the U.S. attorney in Alabama and the Obama administration were flagging felons with a history of domestic violence and violent gun use, and Gamble had a history of terrorizing his domestic partners with a gun. The consequences of ruling for Gamble, a move the justices appear to be seriously contemplating 31, is not lost on the court. The justices have allotted 32 extra time for today's argument.


Nina Totenberg, NPR News, Washington.



n.调查,调查研究
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
adj.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
n.先例,前例;惯例;adj.在前的,在先的
  • Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗?
  • This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。
vt.告发;进行;vi.告发,起诉,作检察官
  • I am trying my best to prosecute my duties.我正在尽力履行我的职责。
  • Is there enough evidence to prosecute?有没有起诉的足够证据?
adj.双的;二重的,二元的
  • The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
  • He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。
n.署名;v.署名
  • His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
  • We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。
n.危险;危难
  • His foolish behaviour may put his whole future in jeopardy.他愚蠢的行为可能毁了他一生的前程。
  • It is precisely at this juncture that the boss finds himself in double jeopardy.恰恰在这个关键时刻,上司发现自己处于进退两难的境地。
检举、告发某人( prosecute的现在分词 ); 对某人提起公诉; 继续从事(某事物); 担任控方律师
  • The witness was cross-examined by the prosecuting counsel. 证人接受控方律师的盘问。
  • Every point made by the prosecuting attorney was telling. 检查官提出的每一点都是有力的。
n.犯规,违法行为;冒犯,得罪
  • I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
  • His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。
n.起诉,告发,检举,执行,经营
  • The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
  • He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。
起诉( prosecution的名词复数 ); 原告; 实施; 从事
  • It is the duty of the Attorney-General to institute prosecutions. 检察总长负责提起公诉。
  • Since World War II, the government has been active in its antitrust prosecutions. 第二次世界大战以来,政府积极地进行着反对托拉斯的检举活动。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
adj.残忍的,野蛮的,不讲理的
  • She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
  • They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼,骨子里却是野蛮残忍。
adj.平凡的;尘世的;宇宙的
  • I hope I can get an interesting job and not something mundane.我希望我可以得到的是一份有趣的工作,而不是一份平凡无奇的。
  • I find it humorous sometimes that even the most mundane occurrences can have an impact on our awareness.我发现生活有时挺诙谐的,即使是最平凡的事情也能影响我们的感知。
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
n.重罪犯( felon的名词复数 );瘭疽;甲沟炎;指头脓炎
  • Aren't those the seats they use for transporting convicted felons? 这些坐位不是他们用来押运重犯的吗? 来自电影对白
  • House Republicans talk of making felons out of the undocumented and those who help them. 众议院共和党议员正商议对未登记的非法移民以及包庇他们的人课以重罪。 来自互联网
引用单元; 范例( precedent的名词复数 ); 先前出现的事例; 前例; 先例
  • There is no lack of precedents in this connection. 不乏先例。
  • He copied after bad precedents. 他仿效恶例。
a.意识形态的
  • He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
  • He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作,对我有很大帮助。
n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列
  • This is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
  • We have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成,我们已了解不少。
n.教义;主义;学说
  • He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
  • The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。
n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
n.调情,调戏,挑逗
  • a brief and unsuccessful flirtation with the property market 对房地产市场一时兴起、并不成功的介入
  • At recess Tom continued his flirtation with Amy with jubilant self-satisfaction. 课间休息的时候,汤姆继续和艾美逗乐,一副得意洋洋、心满意足的样子。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
n.警告; 防止误解的说明
  • I would offer a caveat for those who want to join me in the dual calling.为防止发生误解,我想对那些想要步我后尘的人提出警告。
  • As I have written before,that's quite a caveat.正如我以前所写,那确实是个警告。
adj.著名的,知名的
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
n.进攻( offense的名词复数 );(球队的)前锋;进攻方法;攻势
  • It's wrong of you to take the child to task for such trifling offenses. 因这类小毛病责备那孩子是你的不对。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Thus, Congress cannot remove an executive official except for impeachable offenses. 因此,除非有可弹劾的行为,否则国会不能罢免行政官员。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
n.发电机,发生器
  • All the while the giant generator poured out its power.巨大的发电机一刻不停地发出电力。
  • This is an alternating current generator.这是一台交流发电机。
n.起诉人;检察官,公诉人
  • The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
  • The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。
a.被起诉的
  • The editors are being prosecuted for obscenity. 编辑因刊载污秽文字而被起诉。
  • The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。
n.洗涤(衣等),洗烫(衣等);洗(钱)v.洗(衣服等),洗烫(衣服等)( launder的现在分词 );洗(黑钱)(把非法收入改头换面,变为貌似合法的收入)
  • Separate the white clothes from the dark clothes before laundering. 洗衣前应当把浅色衣服和深色衣服分开。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was charged with laundering money. 他被指控洗钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.被告;adj.处于被告地位的
  • The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
  • The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。
adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
深思,细想,仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 ); 注视,凝视; 考虑接受(发生某事的可能性); 深思熟虑,沉思,苦思冥想
  • You're too young to be contemplating retirement. 你考虑退休还太年轻。
  • She stood contemplating the painting. 她站在那儿凝视那幅图画。
分配,拨给,摊派( allot的过去式和过去分词 )
  • I completed the test within the time allotted . 我在限定的时间内完成了试验。
  • Each passenger slept on the berth allotted to him. 每个旅客都睡在分配给他的铺位上。
学英语单词
abn
all-moneys debenture
asset-purchase
atrophie noire
autolatina
baby boom
Bailey dilator
balers
be locked in
bespit
brouillon
bump-n'-grind
busy idleness
byte data
catch sb by surprise
characteristic derivative
charity boy/girl
charter flight
classification of track
clear lacquer
closed system of pipes
community citizen governance model
congestive cirrhosis
crankshaft torsional vibration damper
crolls
cross ... path
crystal caking
data-presentation device
dauto
distribution load center
doradoes
Eustachio, Bartolommeo
event logger protocol
Exminster
express gratitude for
extortionize
Fournier's disease
galloylbergenin
germbudine
golden pothos
Grossencharakter
Hexi Corridor
high-consumption
interest on inter branches accounts
juilland
Leontopodium microphyllum
linguistic approach to pattern recognition
LRMP
lumbrous
lynchings
Maclura
manorship
maritime buoyage system
mark-to-space transition
mass-producer
meropidaes
multiple dump processing
Musculus extensor
neurotoxic esterase
Norman Park
Odontoceti
orthogonal polarization
parainfluenzavirus
parial
POJ
preason
procedural capacity
profit and loss sharing ratio
pseudencephaly
pseudopionnotes
pulse compressive receiver
re-upholstery
recauterizations
right flexural artery
rufipes
saturated optical nonresonant emission spectroscopy
science and technology outputs statistics
set someone's mind at rest
single stall
singleout
splash proof machine
stakeman
stimulate economic growth
summer and winter
survival value
terrestrial planet
the senior
tower insulation
toweringly
transhyoidea
trumpet brass
tunnel alignment by laser
turtle bacillus
undeveloped
unfact
universal-joint pin and cotter
vendor composite rejection chart
walling board
wares
wear sth in one's heart
weight of covariant
Yalutsangpu