科学美国人60秒 SSS Species Split When Mountains Rise
时间：2019-01-20 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(四)月
Species Split When Mountains Rise 生脉隆起导致生物多样化
The tropics are well known for their biodiversity. But another hotspot? Mountains. Like the Hengduan Mountains, in south-central China.
热带地区因为其生物多样性而为大家所知.但是它的另外一个热点呢?山脉.例如在中国中南部的横断山脉.
"It'll look very much like this kind of familiar temperate 1 alpine 2 system, but the plant diversity there is off the charts."
这看起来就像熟悉的温带高山,但是在这个图表上没有生物的多样性.
Rick Ree is associate curator of botany at the Field Museum in Chicago.
瑞克瑞是芝加哥菲尔德博物馆植物学部门的副馆长.
These mountains harbor a third of all China's plant species. And one hypothesis for mountain biodiversity is that mountain uplift creates new climates and habitats. "You'll see coniferous forests, limestone 3 and granite 4 outcrops with glaciers 5 and rivers and alpine meadows."
这些山脉孕育了中国1/3的植物物种。其中对于山脉中生物多样性的假设就是，隆起的山脉创造了新的气候和栖息地。“你会看到原始森林、石灰岩以及花岗岩，冰川河流以及高山草甸。”
Plants take advantage of the new niches 6, and diversify 7.
植物利用这里的新领域，并多元化。
Now Ree and his colleague, Yaowu Xing, have evidence supporting the idea for connection between mountain building and biodiversity. They used DNA 8 data to build an evolutionary 9 tree of plants in the Hengduan. Then they calibrated 10 the tree with fossil data. And they saw an explosion in diversification 11 around eight million years ago—right when uplift occurred. The results are in the Proceedings 12 of the National Academy of Sciences.
现在，瑞和同事邢晓武已经有证据支持造山和生物多样性之间的关系。他们利用DNA数据建立了横断山植物的进化图谱。之后，利用化石数据来校对这些树木。他们发现在八万年前这里的生物多样性激增——而这正是山脉隆起的时间。该研究结果发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》杂志上。
So if new microclimates create new opportunities for diversification: what about global climate change? "If we look back on the history of life, one very striking pattern that we can see is that evolutionary diversification is pretty strongly associated with changing conditions. The flipside to change is that some species go extinct and some species diversify. So we're faced with both prospects 13 I think going forward."
如果，新的气候为生物多样性创造了新的机遇：那么全球变化呢?我们回顾生命的历史，会发现一个惊人的模式，那就是生物多样性和环境的变化有着密切的联系。变化的一方面是一些物种的灭绝，而另一些物种的多样化。所以，我认为在未来我们面对的是双面的前景。
- Asia extends across the frigid,temperate and tropical zones.亚洲地跨寒、温、热三带。
- Great Britain has a temperate climate.英国气候温和。
- Alpine flowers are abundant there.那里有很多高山地带的花。
- Its main attractions are alpine lakes and waterfalls .它以高山湖泊和瀑布群为主要特色。
- Limestone is often used in building construction.石灰岩常用于建筑。
- Cement is made from limestone.水泥是由石灰石制成的。
- They squared a block of granite.他们把一块花岗岩加工成四方形。
- The granite overlies the older rocks.花岗岩躺在磨损的岩石上面。
- Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。
- It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川，又有雨林和秀丽的山峰。 来自英语晨读30分（高一）
- Some larvae extend the galleries to form niches. 许多幼虫将坑道延伸扩大成壁龛。
- In his view differences in adaptation are insufficient to create niches commensurate in number and kind. 按照他的观点，适应的差异不足以在数量上和种类上形成同量的小生境。
- Our company is trying to diversify.我们公司正力图往多样化方面发展。
- Hills and woods diversify the landscape.山陵和树木点缀景色。
- DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
- Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
- Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
- These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
- Power pesticide dusters can be calibrated and used to apply pertilizer. 动力杀虫剂可以调整用来施肥。 来自辞典例句
- The flexible diaphragm is connected to a plat cantilever-calibrated spring. 柔韧的膜片一扁平的悬臂校正弹簧相连。 来自辞典例句
- The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture. 该研讨会讨论的是农业多种经营。 来自辞典例句
- Firm diversification is increasingly achieved by the means of takeover and merger. 通过接管和兼并，厂商经营范围日益多样化。 来自辞典例句
- He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
- to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼