时间:2019-01-19 作者:英语课 分类:VOA常速英语2008年(二月)


英语课
By Melinda Smith
Washington, DC
15 February 2008
 

Obesity 1 is becoming a worldwide problem, even in developing countries. But diet drinks and food prepared with sugar substitutes do not seem to help curb 2 people's appetites. Now a new study may provide some clues about the ineffectiveness of artificial sweeteners. VOA's Melinda Smith has details.


In the last four decades -- as cities grew larger and worldwide income rose -- the average diet around the world increased by at least 74 calories. A University of North Carolina study credited this caloric boost to the growing consumption of sugar and sugar substitutes. In that same period, U.S. consumption of sugar-free foods nearly doubled.


Whether you call them calorie free sweeteners, artificial sweeteners or sugar substitutes, many of us thought this tasty replacement 3 was as good as the real thing.


Apparently 4 we were wrong, says Professor Susan Swithers of Purdue University. She says, "It's temping to think that by simply consuming a food that has fewer calories, that body weight gain and food intake 5 are automatically going to go down. Our data suggest that, in fact, the opposite might happen."


A Purdue University study was done on two groups of rats. One group was given artificially sweetened yogurt and the other group was given yogurt with glucose 6, a natural sweetener high in calories. But rats given the artificial sweetener gained 20 percent more weight.


The researchers say the artificial sweetener somehow interrupts the body's ability to regulate or register the amount of calories it has consumed. As a result, metabolism 7 slows down and does not burn as many calories.


Professor Swithers explains. "When they got a sweet-tasting food that didn't deliver those calories, they went and then overindulged in their regular food as a consequence."


Artificially sweetened soft drinks and fruit drinks make up a big share of the American diet. A medical consultant 8 for the U.S. beverage 9 industry, John Foreyt, says it is wrong to compare behavior of rats and people. "The bottom line is that we are not rats. You cannot extrapolate a study with rats to humans."


But a survey of people in 2005 found results similar to the Purdue study on rats. It showed a 41 percent weight gain among people who drank diet soft drinks. The Purdue researchers caution that switching to food and drink prepared with real sugar is still no substitute for cutting back on portions and filling up on exercise.




n.肥胖,肥大
  • One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
  • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
n.场外证券市场,场外交易;vt.制止,抑制
  • I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
  • You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。
n.取代,替换,交换;替代品,代用品
  • We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
  • They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
  • Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
  • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
n.葡萄糖
  • I gave him an extra dose of glucose to pep him up.我给他多注射了一剂葡萄糖以增强他的活力。
  • The doctor injected glucose into his patient's veins.医生将葡萄糖注入病人的静脉。
n.新陈代谢
  • After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食,卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
  • All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
n.顾问;会诊医师,专科医生
  • He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.他是市长的一个法律顾问。
  • Originally,Gar had agreed to come up as a consultant.原来,加尔只答应来充当我们的顾问。
n.(水,酒等之外的)饮料
  • The beverage is often colored with caramel.这种饮料常用焦糖染色。
  • Beer is a beverage of the remotest time.啤酒是一种最古老的饮料。
学英语单词
able rating
absolute measurement method
amphiprion perideraion
application for admission
approximate market
aquifar test
attachment site
back-basket store
backswimming
bin system
bituminic
Boolean operators
bother oneself with
Brummagems
Caledon River
chronic heat exhaustion
coddler
common base current gain
concurrent negligences
conduit connection
cyclic ignorable coordinate
dark-sided
deacetylranaconitine
deratization certificate
double resonance
Dänischenhagen
effused-reflexed
equal aquals
equiblast cupola
extra-quranic
fixed points method of calibration
free storage period
frost fog
gas show
green colour
greenlit
Gris-PEG
hamlock
heart-leaved aster
horizontal resolution bars
hot-mix plant
humitas
hypothec bands
income tax on joint venture
indirect analog
individualized manpower training
inquisitivenesses
integrated software line
Interdev
ipropethidine
levy en masse
logistic regression
machine-element
MacS.
make a poor appearance
medical-devices
milli-webers
Moorewood
moorstone
nanobe
neocolonialisms
neutron fluxes
newricall
numerical subroutine library
Orchis kunihikoana
origin of the atmosphere
pale-golds
para-pentyloxy-phenol
payment in arrears
peroxybenzoic acid
pharyngeal opening of eustachian tube
poisonou
propargylchloride
rotary cup atomizing oil burner
rouke
round-necked
sack lunches
sailwing wind generator
sand-castles
self-incompatibillity
sideyways
simple chancre
slow sticking
spanghewed
structural var (svar)
swell-shrink characteristics
tannin idioblast
taran
tedd
tensile stressed skin
third-generation phototypesetter
three-part harmony
transitivity of equivalence relation
ultrahigh voltage transformer oil
uniformly placed
use bit
vicka
vidas
weed control chemicals
wishful thinking
Yerkish