时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   学习用英语写作应该首先学会使用最有用也最常用的词来表达自己的思想。用词组句往往没有统一的标准,但是,如果将正式用语与非正式用语,书面语与非书面语混用,往往会影响整体写作水平。


  1.正式用语与非正式用语
  顾名思义,正式用语系指在正式场合下使用的语言。而非正式用语则指在日常生活中,人们相互交往时使用的语言。就语言形式而言,正式用语多以单词的形式出现,而非正式用语则较多地使用短语。在长期的使用过程中,正式用语和非正式用语被约定俗成地固定下来,一些词典也对此做了说明。例如:
  正式用语  非正式用语
  depart 1   leave
  reslgn   qult
  discover  findout
  reduce   cut down
  explode   blow up
  就语言的应用而言,正式用语和非正式用语之间并没有明确的界限。有些非正式用语,由于搭配等原因,也可在正式场合下使用,反之亦然。
  英语的词汇量大约有100万,当然没有人认识或需要使用这么多词,有些常用词被看作是英语的核心词汇。在这些词汇当中,有一些属于正式用语,有一些属于非正式用语,绝大部分则介于两者之间,即可作为正式用语,也可作为非正式用语。也就是说,除正式用语和非正式用语以外,还有一类介于二者之间的用语,语言学家称这类英语为共同核心英语。例如:
  How are you?(正式用语)
  How do you do?(共同核心用语)
  Hello? (非正式用语)
  2.书面语和口语
  书面语和口语是两种不同形式的语言变体。口语是语言存在的最基本形式。从语言的起源和发展来看,口语是第一位的。书面语源于口语,是第二位的。书面语是用文字的形式来传递人们的思想、观点等信息。它要求句子结构完整、严谨、工整,符合语法规则和行文要求,在恰当传递信息的基础上产生一定的修辞效果。英语书面语和口语的主要区别体现在:
  1)书面语常用非人称形式行文,即说话人不直接表明自己或他人,避免使用人称代词we,you,I;口语常以第一人称叙事,直接表朋说话者是谁。例如:
  A rich woman was killed last night.(书面语)
  Someone killed a rich woman last night.(口语)
  It's more tools that we need.(书面语)
  We need more tools.(口语)
  The heavy rain prevented us from starting.(书面语)
  We could not start because of the heavy rain.(口语)
  2)书面语常借用修辞手法,使文句优美生动;口语一般不用修辞手法,而用语调来达到这一效果。例如:
  Through the window,came in the sweet song.(书面语)
  The sweet song came in through the window.(口语)
  Once there lived a greedy king in Greek 2.(书面语)
  Once agreedy king lived in Greek.(口语)
  3)书面语常把重要信息后置;口语则可把核心前移作为对照。例如:
  It's reported that the post office has received one of the letters.(书面语)
  One of letters has arrived(but the other one hasn't).(口语)
  4)书面语一般不用缩略词;口语中则常常使用缩略词。例如:
  The professor stayed in the laboratory 3 for 3 hours.(书面语)
  Who's in the lab?(口语)
  The professor went to the hospital for a physical examination 4.(书面语)
  The professor is to go in for a physical.(口语)
  5)书面语一般要求使用正式用语行文;口语则常常以非正式用语叙事。例如:
  The college requires all students to submit 5 their essay by a given time.(书面语)
  I've got to hand in this essay by tomonow.(口语)
  The author regrcts that he made the same mistake again.(书面语)
  I'm sorry that I had made the same mistake again.(口语)

v.离开,启程
  • The train will depart at 7:30 a.m.早七点半发车。
  • Before you depart,let me give you a word of advice.在你走之前,我给你一句忠告。
adj.希腊(人)的,希腊语的;n.希腊人;希腊语
  • The Greek seaman went to the hospital five times.这位希腊海员到该医院去过五次。
  • Delta is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet.δ是希腊字母中的第四个字母。
n.实验室,化验室
  • She has donated money to establish a laboratory.她捐款成立了一个实验室。
  • Our laboratory equipment isn't perfect,but we must make do.实验室设备是不够理想,但我们只好因陋就简。
n.考试,考查,试题;检查,调查
  • Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
  • He put up a good show in the final examination.他在期末考试中表现得不错。
vi.(to)屈服,听从vt.呈送,提交;主张
  • He was losing the fight but he would not submit. 他战败了,但不屈服。
  • I will not submit to such treatment. 我不甘心忍受这样的待遇。
标签: 写作
学英语单词
Acronema astrantiifolium
Ajā', Jibāl
ample room
annealed polyethylene naphthalate
anr-pc
April Fools' Days
banana hammock
basal hypothallus
be loud in one's praises
Bihār, State of
buccal armature
building material consumption norm
busy-back
butane vaporphase isomerization
cardiac contractility
club room
cnemidophorus tesselatuss
co-parents
commercial storage translation network
control of silviculture
conversion gain
ctenophoric
cytosine-c
delayals
denoiser
dentosurgical
depersonalization disorder
detection phase
discounting
discous
dispersing auxiliary
dynamic scattering device
dyscognitive
ecoconscious
Euomphalacea
exta
extraneous quantitative information
float chamber cap
forestkeeper
gats
glamazons
good-reasons theory
grant-equivalent
harnesseth
helmen
high heat
hormonagoga
hospitator
hydropults
hydroxytyramine
JLOC
karate
kick-boxings
Lamorinda
magnetoscale
majority function
Malawali, Pulau
Marvin, Lee
mecholy
method of time determination by star transit
nararno
national expenditure
nitrendipine
noncommunists
nursing interventions
oestre
official number
parenterals
percussive movement
photoperiodical response variety
Pittosporum adaphniphylloides
planetary scale
playstations
polygonatum commutatums
pov
price rigidity in the downward
rain lamp
Rasmussen syndrome
relational scheme set
restate
rosemarkies
sarreverence
savedness
seaside mahoe
secondary compensator
self-report personality inventory
sexual anorexic
soapsuds
solid rudder frame
solitary tinamous
somatocentric
special steel for making instruments
St-Martin-Valmeroux
stock insurer
tenderonis
themto
tracheloscapular
tube transformer
variable-structured system
vasquine
water-garden
weather-proofing