时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

纵观大学英语四级考试历年试题,可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。例如,19956CET-4阅读理解部分的第三篇文章共262个单词,不过才7个句子,平均句长37.4个词,最长的一句达80词。我们不难理解命题者在句子难度上大做文章,无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式,从而达到考察考生综合阅读能力的目的。这些长难句对考生解题似乎产生一定影响,本文拟结合历年真题,将其归类并逐一加以分析。


一、复合从句


这些句子往往较长,一个从句套着另一个从句,环环相扣,使得考生在阅读过程中渐渐遗忘刚阅读过的内容,搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实,不管句子有多长有多复杂,它只由两个部分构成,即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓宾结构(I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰和补充主干的作用,它既可以是单词,也可以是短语,更常见的则是从句,尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见,考生也对从句的疑问词比较熟悉,甚至能把其中的语法规则背的滚瓜烂熟。但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个,从句到底在哪里结束等,这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。


这时,考生应把握一点:英语句子以句号为标记,在没有列举的情况下一般只能有一个谓语动词,从句应该在其后的第一个谓语动词和第二个谓语动词之间结束;如果从句中有如and的连词,则有可能连接两个谓语动词,那么从句就在第二个和第三个谓语动词之间结束,以此类推。考生可以用括号把每个修饰成分找出来,留在括号外的就是句子的主干,这样整个句子结构就清晰了。


例如:2001.1CET-4 Passage 4


Recycling also stimulates 1 the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material. 回收利用不但可以创造就业机会,来促进当地经济的发展,还可以控制污染,并通过为工业提供更好的原材料来降低制造再生产品的工业部门的能源成本。


在这个句子中,主句有两个并列的谓语动词stimulatestrims,而且,trims有两个并列的宾语pollution controlenergy coststhat引导的定语从句修饰industries一词。


1995.6 CET-4 Passage 4


Responsible public health officials have pointed 2 out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative 3 over long period of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his life time. 负责公众健康的官员已经指出,化学药品的生理影响会经过较长的时间积累下来,而它对人体的危害性则取决于一生中与其接触量的多少。


这里,point out后面接两个that引导的宾语从句;received throughout his life time为过去分词结构作exposure的定语。



v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 );激励;使兴奋;起兴奋作用,起刺激作用,起促进作用
  • Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
adj.尖的,直截了当的
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
adj.累积的,渐增的
  • This drug has a cumulative effect.这种药有渐增的效力。
  • The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.吃鱼的好处要长期才能显现。
学英语单词
Adelphan-Esidrex
anesthesiologies
anterior superior iliac spine
Antitaurus
BDV (breakdown voltage)
beading line
Bhesa
bias cutter
broken flange detector finger
browster
c-number
calixes
charge-stroage varactor
co-ordinate formula
colonialize
colour discrimination lamp
contingency perspective
conventional ignition system
copper oxide meter
cross-over track
curling dies
cut down expenses
Cynanchum gracilipes
daishowas
darkie
deepa
ever created
facients
Fargesia qinlingensis
feu-farmer
fixed end wall
fluence
fluxing medium
fosen
full address jump
gaudet
give a good example
graphic output unit
Guir, C.
gun-emplacements
hagseed
Hathor capital
helium absorption chamber
high-bay
histologic lesion
Holland cigar
ice cream cake
inferior wings
interim interdict
IP fax
jammed out
JIRA,J.I.R.A.
Judayyidah
kyoga
laraine
laser video
low-frequency region
mallet finger
marriage brokerage
matsen
microvitrain
misquoter
Muscoidea
Naejangdo
Namsan Park
neoprene rubber
newpoints
no-load lose
objective of water conservancy planning
oleate
oriental and ethiopian realm
Pabetangan
phonetic transcriptions
pier mirrors
plant waste
plastic substances
points of inflection
prior to the expiration of the term
proveditor
repaire
rough and tumble
rule with a heavy hand
S.&S.R.
sceats
science fiction
screwing tap
secretarial education
sparks up
spreading rate
squadronist
strain crystallization
superexchange interaction
sus out
suturae occipitomastoidea
symbiogenetic
tattletale gray
the-naze
tranquillisings
United Ireland
wheat-germ oil
winemerchant
wire communication line