六级语法之倒装精讲
时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读
英语课
在六级作文中,为了凸显自己的英语水平比较好,有些考生也会选择用部分倒装,为了方便大家积累语法知识,编辑老师为大家详细讲解了有关倒装句的大学英语六级语法,希望考生能够认真看一看。
一、什么是英语倒装句
在现实的语言实践中,由于语法结构的要求,或是由于修辞的需要,往往要改变句子的自然语序,把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前。我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”这样的倒装语序可能使句子的内在含义产生细微的、甚至明显的改变。只有注意观察引起倒装的原因,才能更准确地理解句子的含义。为了使句子的某成分突出,我们还会使用强调,而倒装语序大多都用于强调。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装和部分倒装,完全倒装相对简单一点。
二、完全倒装
完全倒桩是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前,通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。句型模式是:谓语+主语+……
1.There be/appear/ come,/remain+主语(+地点或时间状语)
例如:There appeared to be a woman in red.那里有个穿红衣服的女人。
2.副词+谓语动词+名词主语+……
出于修辞需要,表示方向的副词:out, down, in, up, away, on。
例如: Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
出于习惯用法:here, there, now, thus, hence, then。例如:Here comes the taxi.
3.过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+……
例如:Scattered 1 on the floor were several books and magazines.
三、部分倒装
部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1.下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时,若置句首,句子的主谓要部分倒装 :never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。
例如: Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on. Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
2.以only修饰状语开头的句子,句子的主谓要部分倒装
例如:Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
3.以下列副词或短语开头的句子,句子的主谓要部分倒装 :often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point,many a time。
例如: So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
四、特殊从句的倒装
1.让步从句的倒装
(1)as引导让步状语从句,必须采用倒装结构,但不是主谓倒装,而是将被强调的内容置于句首。例如: Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.
(2)出现在句型be+主语+其他, come what may中。例如: Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic 2. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping 3 them, went quite smoothly 4. Come what may, I’ll be on your side.
2.比较从句的倒装
as, than引导的比较从句中,如果主语是名词短语且较长,经常采用倒装结构(不倒装也可以)。注意:这种结构主语一般为名词,如果是代词则不倒装。
例如: Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce. Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
adj.分散的,稀疏的;散步的;疏疏落落的
- Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来,塞进文件夹里。
adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的
- The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
- These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。
n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
- We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
- There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
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六级