时间:2019-01-17 作者:英语课 分类:大学四六级阅读


英语课

   一,非谓语动词的概念


  不能作谓语的动词形式就是非谓语动词,主要有以下三大类:分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词可以充当多种成分,如:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。下面我们将从句法功能入手来分析这三大类非谓语动词。
  二、非谓语动词的三夫类型
  1.分词 分词有两类,即现在分词和过去分词。从意义上来说,现在分词主要表示主动或进行状态;过去分词则体现被动或完成状态。分词在句中可作多种成分:
  ①分词作定语。例如: Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(在该句中,gas后紧跟-个过去分词结构作其后置定语,表示一种被动状态,说明gas是被如何运输的。) The girl standing 1 there was crying.(在该句中,standing there作The girl的后置定语,且使用现在分词形式表主动。)
  ②分词作状语。例如: He glanced over at her, noting that though she was tiny,she seemed veny well put together.(在该句中,逗号后紧跟一个noting引导的分词结构,作glanced over at her的伴随状语,表示同时进行的动作。)
  2.不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征,具体属于哪个特征应视所处语境而定。
  ①不定式作目的状语。例如:He sent his daughter to America to learn English.(在该句中,不定式to learn English作状语,说明去美国的目的。)
  ②不定式作宾语补足语。例如:We believe him to be guilty 2.(在该句中,不定式to be guilty作him的宾语补足语。)
  ③不定式作后置定语。例如:The topic to be discussed at the meeting is still unknown.(在该句中,不定式to be discussed作topic的后置定语。)
  ④不定式作主语。例如:To know oneself is difficult.(在该句中,不定式To know oneself作句子的主语。)
  ⑤不定式作表语。例如:My work is to clean the room every day.(该句为“主语+系动词十表语”结构,不定式to clean the room作表语。)
  3.动名词   动名词在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词尾加-ing,但其表达的动作意义不如现在分词强,因为动名词已经将动作名词化了,从某种意义上说,动名词就相当于名词、代词了。
  ①动名词作主语。例如:It’s necessary to be prepared for a job imterview;having the answers ready will be of great help.(在该句中,动名词结构having the answers ready充当后一分句的主语。)
  ②动名词作表语。例如:Her job was washing clothes.(该句为主系表句型,washing clothes是动名词结构,用作表语。)
  ③动名词作宾语。例如:I avoid telling Jane the truth because I knew she would be angry.(动名词结构telling Jane the truth在句中充当avoid的宾语,说明avoid的内容。)
  ④动名词作定语。例如:A sleeping car(表示“卧铺车”,sleeping表示car的功能;sleeping是动名词作定语。)试区分:A sleeping dog(表示“睡觉的拘”,sleeping是dog的动作;sleeping是现在分词作定语。)

n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
adj.犯罪的;有罪的;内疚的
  • There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty.没有充分的证据证明他有罪。
  • Really honest people are ofter made to feel guilty.真正老实的人常被弄得感到犯了罪似的。
标签: 英语六级
学英语单词
4-H'er
abdominal delivery
adjustable speed motor
afterword
anax guttatus
aneerood
babycar
belt freezing
beston
Bordeaux turpenting
burrowing organism
Byronian
campaign management firm
capricciosoes
carrying amount
ceflorin
Chakhmāq Bolāgh-e Pā'īn
class acts
Clemente
CLODRONIC
combined statement of income and earned surplus
compensation of guardian
concentric ellipses
denturist
diamond shape
DotGain
duplicate licence
dye-fixing agent
Elliott wave
exoplasmosis
fetal hemoglobin
field application relay
field-synchronizing impulse
flour bag cloth
forehand rent
Fosnavåg
frittoes
futura
genus gliricidias
genus Triglochin
hand brake lever arm
hernia taxis
hitchell
hunt for
in charge of
intersite transmission
jewelweed
juke box optical disk system
Kamitsushima
laqueary
lead-circuit
Lichtenhaag
look-aside registers
Lord Howe Rise
mama's boys
mellow consisting
milliangstrom
muonic neutrino
Myriophyllum alterniflorum
nadir plumment
nyctimenes
oil atomizer nozzle
osul
oxy welding
peritoneal folds
pesages
photokinesis
plundering
pneumatic thermostates
polar dial
primitive vertebrae
quick response excitation
rack stake
radiumluminescence
raining cats and dogs
real mass
Regional Association for South America
repleaders
root van
roughness integrator
scrabbled
selenographic chart
Shipunovskiy Rayon
Sims' position
sodium bicarbonate
soupless
submonomer
thermo-chemical dehydration
thermoelectric actinograph
thick-skinneds
Tibetia tongolensis
timber loader
transfer rabbit
Tymtey
unconditional branch operator
unkeenly
venetias
volemite
Všeruby
wightly
zemni
zero-field emission