2013年12月英语四级语法要点解析(2)
时间：2019-01-16 作者：英语课 分类：大学四六级阅读
英语课
不定式
1. 某些动词后要接不定式
某些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语，其中最常用的动词有agree, afford, arrange 1, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, hesitate 2, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect 3, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend 4, promise, refuse, regret, remember, seek, tend, try, volunteer, want, wish等。
What do you plan to do tomorrow?
She hated to move from such a nice village.
In class teachers should try to get feedback 5 from their students
2. 不定式的被动式
不定式有被动式，当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式，在句中可作主语，宾语，定语，状语，复合宾语等。作定语时，通常表示在谓语动作后将要发生的动作。
The last question to be discussed today is how to do the job more efficiently 6.
She preferred to be given more difficult work to do.
3. 不定式的完成式
当不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，不定式要用完成式，在句中可作宾语，状语以及构成复合宾语，复合谓语。
She seemed to have heard about the news already.
He was believed to have been a very rich man.
4. 不定式的完成被动式
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，且不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，不定式要用完成被动式，在句中可作主语，宾语或构成复合宾语，复合谓语。
The forest fire is reported to have been put out last night.
It is supposed to have been finished without referring to any reference 7 books.
5. 带逻辑主语的不定式短语
不定式可以有逻辑主语，其构成形式为“for +代词的宾格(或名词) +不定式”。 带逻辑主语的不定式短语可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或状语等。
It is not easy for you to catch up with them in a short time.
I think it better for you to see the doctor.
What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
I sent him some pictures for him to see what Paris is like.
6. 带疑问词的不定式短语
不定式前可以加某些疑问代词，如who、what、which,或疑问副词，如when、where、how、why等，构成一种特殊的不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或状语等。
How to improve English is often discussed among the students.
We haven’t decided 8 when to visit the place.
The most difficult thing in learning 9 English is how to speak the language well.
You haven’t answered my question where to get these books.
7. 某些动词后的不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式不带to，这些动词是feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, see, watch等。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere in the room become tense.
I often hear them sing this song.
vt.安排，整理，计划，改编(乐曲)；vi.协商，计划
- He began to arrange the flowers in the vase.他开始把花瓶内的花摆好。
- We must arrange about that.这事我们得安排一下。
vi.犹豫，迟疑，踌躇，支吾
- If you hesitate too long,you will miss the opportunity.如果你老是犹豫不决，那就会错失良机。
- If you get in trouble,don't hesitate to ask for advice.如果碰到麻烦，要赶紧向人求教。
vt.忽视，忽略；疏忽，玩忽；n.疏忽，玩忽
- Don't neglect to lock the door when you leave.你离开时别忘了锁门。
- Today's housing problems are the product of years of neglect.今天的住房困难是多年来忽视的结果。
vt.假装，假托，装扮；vi.假装，装作
- So you don't need to pretend,do you?所以你不必装假了，对吧？
- Many people pretend that they understand modern art.许多人装着自己懂得现代艺术。
n.回授，反馈，反应
- I was getting great feedback from my boss.老板对我的评价很高。
- You need feedback to monitor progress.你需要利用反馈信息来监控进展。
adv.高效率地，有能力地
- The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
- Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。
n.提到，说到，暗示，查看，查阅
- We spent days going through all related reference material.我们花了好多天功夫查阅所有有关的参考资料。
- I like to have my reference books within my reach.我喜欢把参考书放到伸手可取的地方。
adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的
- This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
- There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
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英语四级