时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   状语从句内容丰富,涉及面广,可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、等意义。英语状语从句的翻译,一般比较容易处理,通常可以直接翻译。但是这里我们所要讨论的是,在汉语译文中,要如何将状语从句置于恰当的位置,并如何将其与主句之间自然连贯地连接起来,如何按汉语的习惯表达将句子类型进行相应的变化。由于两种语言表达上的不同,在状语从句的安排方面,存在着明显的差异,所以在翻译的时候也需要根据汉语习惯来灵活翻译。


  一、时间状语从句
  在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词常常有:when(当...的时候),whenever(每当...),as(当...时), since(自从...),until(直到...,如果不....),till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...),the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner... than(一...就),hardly(scarcely)... when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就),the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每当...),by the time(等到....的时候)等。翻译的时候,一般翻译在主句的前面。
  (一)译成相应的时间状语
  While she spoke 1, the tears were running down.
  她说话时,泪水直流。
  She came in when I was having supper.
  我正在吃饭的时候,她进来了。
  As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.
  他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
  (二)译成“一(刚、每)...就”的结构
  I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.
  我一安排好就通知你。
  Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
  他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。
  (三)译成条件句
  由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系之外,有时候可以表示条件关系,所以还可以翻译为条件句。
  Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
  如果机器发生故障,就把电门关上。
  A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.
  若无外力的作用,静止的物体不会移动。
  We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
  如果没有有关当局的批准,我们不能开始这项工作。
  二、原因状语从句
  英语中,原因状语从句的连接词常常是:because(因为),since(既然,由于),as(因为),now that(既然),seeing that(既然),considering that(考虑到,因为),in that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鉴于)。在翻译的时候,大多数原因状语从句可以放在主句之前翻译。
  (一)译成表示“原因”的分句,放在主句之前翻译,显示“前因后果”的关系。
  The crops failed because the season was dry.
  因为气候干旱,作物歉收。
  We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
  由于很多人没有来,会议只好延期。
  (二)原因状语从句在汉语中的位置,常常是“前因后果”。然而,英语则比较灵活,状语从句可以在主句前,也可以在主句后面。所以在翻译为汉语译文时,也有放在后面的。如果把原因状语从句放在主句后面翻译的话,有时候可以用汉语的“之所以...是因为”的结构来连接。
  A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.
  气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)它没有固定的形状。
  He will get promoted, for he has done good work.
  他将得到提升,因为他工作干得好。
  Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.
  理论之所以有价值,是因为它能给实践指出方向。
  (三)not...because的结构
  在翻译由because引导的具有否定意义的原因状语从句时,尤其要注意否定意义的表达一定要确切。not与because发生关系,常常要翻译成“并不是因为...”。
  I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.
  我之所以教书并不是因为教书对我来说太容易
  The machine did not move because the fuel was used up.
  机器停了下来,并不是因为燃料耗尽了。

n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
标签: 状语从句
学英语单词
0410
4-methyl-5-hydroxymethyl-imidazole
Acalyptratae
action for trespass
AlInGaN
arekane
as fresh as a lark
associated liquid
back for
backward and forward
basic indexed access method
Bedrashen
blood agglutinogen
bombycid moth
branchiomycosis
Brunckite
Citrus tankan
claimable assets
clearance inspection
clothespegs
Collelongo
combinatorial property
command point
contradirectional timing
count method
critical communication
cybernetics model
democratic reform
digit hexadecimal
dinner suit
distributour
echidnas
effect monitor
effective function
environmental control unit
equatorial plante
ethamivan
ethmoidotomy
ferric luvisols
fertigated water
field of extremal
fluffing machine
gaff rigs
Garfield County
grammaticas
hinge armature
hmpt
humiliatrix
industry of marine products
Isodon rubescens
Kaergona
kashiwagi
keel
keio
Kilgoris
lash out
lesbophobic
looking round
lurement
megagametocyte
micatosis
multi-level control system
multielectrode valve
nakedized
name look-up rule
neuro computer
nonfissioned
one - hit wonder
owlflies
para-Hydroxyamphetamine
pedipalpous
permanent signal
Planetary Gear Unit
point of center
private-pay
pseudo-anisocoria
quined
red-headers
requisition unfilled
revolving gear
Rotulaceae
saliphenin
Saussurea formosana
schlumpiness
sedentary death syndrome
self fluxing
serum paralyses
servo cylinder (hydraulic)
shaped-conductor cable
spino-deltoid muscle
split display
Suhdār
sulfhydryl reagent
swivel bolt
ternary fission product
toothed plate
transmit interrupts
trehanes
wave device
wearouts
wireline grab