时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

   状语从句内容丰富,涉及面广,可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、等意义。英语状语从句的翻译,一般比较容易处理,通常可以直接翻译。但是这里我们所要讨论的是,在汉语译文中,要如何将状语从句置于恰当的位置,并如何将其与主句之间自然连贯地连接起来,如何按汉语的习惯表达将句子类型进行相应的变化。由于两种语言表达上的不同,在状语从句的安排方面,存在着明显的差异,所以在翻译的时候也需要根据汉语习惯来灵活翻译。


  一、时间状语从句
  在英语中,时间状语从句的连接词常常有:when(当...的时候),whenever(每当...),as(当...时), since(自从...),until(直到...,如果不....),till(直到...),before(在...前),after(在...后),as soon as(一...就),once(一旦...),the moment(一...就),immediately(一...就),the day(在...那天),no sooner... than(一...就),hardly(scarcely)... when(一...就),the instant(一...就),instantly(一...就),directly(一...就),the minute(一...就),the second(一...就),every time(每当...),by the time(等到....的时候)等。翻译的时候,一般翻译在主句的前面。
  (一)译成相应的时间状语
  While she spoke 1, the tears were running down.
  她说话时,泪水直流。
  She came in when I was having supper.
  我正在吃饭的时候,她进来了。
  As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.
  他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
  (二)译成“一(刚、每)...就”的结构
  I’ll let you know as soon as I have it arranged.
  我一安排好就通知你。
  Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
  他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。
  (三)译成条件句
  由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系之外,有时候可以表示条件关系,所以还可以翻译为条件句。
  Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
  如果机器发生故障,就把电门关上。
  A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.
  若无外力的作用,静止的物体不会移动。
  We can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned.
  如果没有有关当局的批准,我们不能开始这项工作。
  二、原因状语从句
  英语中,原因状语从句的连接词常常是:because(因为),since(既然,由于),as(因为),now that(既然),seeing that(既然),considering that(考虑到,因为),in that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鉴于)。在翻译的时候,大多数原因状语从句可以放在主句之前翻译。
  (一)译成表示“原因”的分句,放在主句之前翻译,显示“前因后果”的关系。
  The crops failed because the season was dry.
  因为气候干旱,作物歉收。
  We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
  由于很多人没有来,会议只好延期。
  (二)原因状语从句在汉语中的位置,常常是“前因后果”。然而,英语则比较灵活,状语从句可以在主句前,也可以在主句后面。所以在翻译为汉语译文时,也有放在后面的。如果把原因状语从句放在主句后面翻译的话,有时候可以用汉语的“之所以...是因为”的结构来连接。
  A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.
  气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)它没有固定的形状。
  He will get promoted, for he has done good work.
  他将得到提升,因为他工作干得好。
  Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.
  理论之所以有价值,是因为它能给实践指出方向。
  (三)not...because的结构
  在翻译由because引导的具有否定意义的原因状语从句时,尤其要注意否定意义的表达一定要确切。not与because发生关系,常常要翻译成“并不是因为...”。
  I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me.
  我之所以教书并不是因为教书对我来说太容易
  The machine did not move because the fuel was used up.
  机器停了下来,并不是因为燃料耗尽了。

n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
标签: 状语从句
学英语单词
able rating
absolute measurement method
amphiprion perideraion
application for admission
approximate market
aquifar test
attachment site
back-basket store
backswimming
bin system
bituminic
Boolean operators
bother oneself with
Brummagems
Caledon River
chronic heat exhaustion
coddler
common base current gain
concurrent negligences
conduit connection
cyclic ignorable coordinate
dark-sided
deacetylranaconitine
deratization certificate
double resonance
Dänischenhagen
effused-reflexed
equal aquals
equiblast cupola
extra-quranic
fixed points method of calibration
free storage period
frost fog
gas show
green colour
greenlit
Gris-PEG
hamlock
heart-leaved aster
horizontal resolution bars
hot-mix plant
humitas
hypothec bands
income tax on joint venture
indirect analog
individualized manpower training
inquisitivenesses
integrated software line
Interdev
ipropethidine
levy en masse
logistic regression
machine-element
MacS.
make a poor appearance
medical-devices
milli-webers
Moorewood
moorstone
nanobe
neocolonialisms
neutron fluxes
newricall
numerical subroutine library
Orchis kunihikoana
origin of the atmosphere
pale-golds
para-pentyloxy-phenol
payment in arrears
peroxybenzoic acid
pharyngeal opening of eustachian tube
poisonou
propargylchloride
rotary cup atomizing oil burner
rouke
round-necked
sack lunches
sailwing wind generator
sand-castles
self-incompatibillity
sideyways
simple chancre
slow sticking
spanghewed
structural var (svar)
swell-shrink characteristics
tannin idioblast
taran
tedd
tensile stressed skin
third-generation phototypesetter
three-part harmony
transitivity of equivalence relation
ultrahigh voltage transformer oil
uniformly placed
use bit
vicka
vidas
weed control chemicals
wishful thinking
Yerkish