VOA常速英语2015--避免意外怀孕及其风险

避免意外怀孕及其风险

A new study says the vast majority of unwanted pregnancies 1 every year could be avoided if women had access to modern contraception. The findings appear in the online version of Human Reproduction.

一项新研究表明，如果妇女能获得现代化的避孕手段，每年相当大部分的意外怀孕都可避免。这一发现发表在《人类生殖》的网络版上。

The study used demographic and health surveys in 35 low and middle income countries. That represents one-third of the world’s population. It says 15 million of the 16.7 million unwanted pregnancies every year could be prevented.

研究使用了35个中低收入国家的人口统计和健康调查，这些国家的人口占了全世界人口的三分之一，研究称在每年1670万意外怀孕中，有1500起是可以预防的。

Dr. Howard Sobel is one of the authors. He’s regional coordinator 2 of the reproductive, maternal 3, newborn, child and adolescent division at the World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Regional Office. He spoke 4 from the Philippines capital, Manila.

霍华德·索贝尔博士是作者之一，他是世界卫生组织西太平洋区域办事处生殖、孕产妇、新生儿、儿童和青少年部的地区协调员，他在菲律宾首都马尼拉接受了我们的采访。

“We looked at the risk of getting pregnant if they did not use any contraceptives. And we looked at the risk of getting pregnant if they used traditional methods like calendar rhythm method and withdrawal 5, meaning that before ejaculation the person pulls out. And we compared that to those that used modern methods.”

“我们调查了如果不使用任何避孕手段造成的怀孕风险，然后看如果使用传统手段，怀孕的风险有多大，这些传统手段包括月经周期表记载法和射精之前抽出法。我们将这些数据与使用现代手段的结果进行对比。”

Modern methods include pills, implants 6, injectable contraceptives and IUD’s or intrauterine devices.

现代化的手段包括服药、植入、避孕针和宫内避孕器。

Dr. Sobel said many women who have unintended pregnancies face – what he calls -- a stark 7 future.

索贝尔博士称，很多意外怀孕的妇女都面临严酷的未来。

“Let’s just take their life potential. For every child that you have in a poor family – it’s another mouth to feed, meaning that you have to spend more of the money toward that. Poor people end up having more difficulty in getting their children through school. They have higher dropout 8 rates, lower educational potential and ultimately lower earnings 9 potential. So, the cycle of poverty continues,” he said.

“让我们看看她们可能的命运，对贫困家庭的每个孩子来说，就是一张需要喂养的嘴巴，这意味着你必须花更多的钱。最终穷人在孩子上学方面会更艰难，他们的辍学率更高，教育潜能更低，最终赚的钱也更少，所以贫困的循环还会继续。”

And then, there’s the health risk.

同时还有健康风险。

“We’re looking at a very high rate of increased risk for the mother of dying and being malnourished. We’re looking at the same type of risk for every child also. When you have undesired pregnancies it affects the family. It affects governments and it affects society. If we could address this then we could have a dramatic improvement in basically development worldwide,” he said.

“我们看到母亲死亡和营养不良的风险很高，我们也研究了每个孩子所面临的同类风险，如果出现意外怀孕，就会影响整个家庭，影响政府和社会。如果我们能解决这个问题，那么就能从基本上促进全世界的发展。”

He said that greater access to modern contraception would also result in a large drop in the number of abortions 10.

他说，现代化避孕手段更容易获得，就会使得堕胎率大幅度降低。

The study said women were asked to give the main reason for not using contraception.

这份研究称还调查了妇女们不适用避孕手段的原因。

“The top reasons are really around myths and misperceptions. The number one and number two reason, which we lumped together, is fear of side effects and health concerns. The risk is not very high of health effects. Certainly getting pregnant – it’s going to be something very taxing for anybody. And if it’s an undesired pregnancy 11 or two or three, that obviously has a bigger impact on health.”

“主要原因是谬见和误解，最重要的两个原因，我们总结了以下，是害怕副作用和健康考虑。在健康方面的风险不是很大，当然如果怀孕的话对每个人来说都是沉重的负担，如果是意外怀孕，那么显然对健康的影响更大。”