时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2015年(十二月)


英语课

Nairobi Residents Turn to Community Currency 内罗毕居民社区货币


KAWANGWARE, NAIROBI—


Several low-income settlements outside Nairobi are using a new community-based currency called "pesas," which are equal in value to the Kenyan shilling and can be spent in the community just like cash.


In Kawangware, an informal settlement on the outskirts 1 of Kenya’s capital, students make their way to Sifa Primary School and pay their tuition with Gatina pesas. The school is one of several institutions that accepts the community currency.


Teacher Josephine Ouma said the currency has made life easier.


"This currency works in a way that it circulates, so as a teacher I get it from the parents and I still take the same currency back to the parents to buy their goods," she explained. "So it is a circulation process that I do not think there can be any scarcity 2."


The NGO Grassroots Economics rolled out the currency last year. Pesas are only valid 3 in the Gatina Village part of the settlement.


“Community currency is a legal tender that works as a promissory note and works hand in hand with the national currency," said Ruth Mwangi, with Grassroots Economics. "So in the event a member has less of the national currency, they are free to supplement it with the community currency, so as to get access to the goods and services they may need.”


Testing with 500 locals


The NGO gave pesa’s to about 500 locals.


Each member must be vouched 4 for by four business owners. The member then receives a maximum of 400 pesas, of which 200 are saved and pooled for community improvement projects. The rest they can spend like cash.


But those 500 members are a fraction of the approximately 10,000 people living in Gatina Village.


“There are some challenges with the currency," Francis Njuguna said. "Since there are a lot of people here who have not accepted its use, but I believe that once we educate them on it, they will accept it, since many more are joining as we continue to enlighten them.”


The NGO said it started with a small number of members to make monitoring easier, but experts note that community currencies do have limitations.


"It prevents you from getting goods and services from outside the economy, the local economy, and that means that the exchange networks are often quite small," stated Radha Upadhyaya, with University of Nairobi, Institute for Development Studies.


"A second weakness is the organization. At the moment, a lot of community currencies are organized in a voluntary form and after a certain amount of time the impetus 5 runs out," Upadhyaya said.


Grassroots Economics plans to expand the initiative to communities in Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania in 2016. Participants say the currency provides a cushion against hard times.



n.郊外,郊区
  • Our car broke down on the outskirts of the city.我们的汽车在市郊出了故障。
  • They mostly live on the outskirts of a town.他们大多住在近郊。
n.缺乏,不足,萧条
  • The scarcity of skilled workers is worrying the government.熟练工人的缺乏困扰着政府。
  • The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。
adj.有确实根据的;有效的;正当的,合法的
  • His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
  • Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗?
v.保证( vouch的过去式和过去分词 );担保;确定;确定地说
  • He vouched his words by his deeds. 他用自己的行动证明了自己的言辞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Have all those present been vouched for? 那些到场的人都有担保吗? 来自互联网
n.推动,促进,刺激;推动力
  • This is the primary impetus behind the economic recovery.这是促使经济复苏的主要动力。
  • Her speech gave an impetus to my ideas.她的讲话激发了我的思绪。
学英语单词
8-level vestigial sideband
a brass farthing
ace boon coons
active-centre
additional cannon pinion
Aegean Islands
alae vomeris
Alexander's crown
ampex
Amstelmeer
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Auranti cortex siccatus
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bipolar front end
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browzing
calibration liquid
Calochortus albus
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claim entitlement
Clarensac
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containment cooling system
contract transportation
convolution operation
cooling method
CPRO
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diarylmaleimide
e in altissimo
energy-sapping
enforcement notice
entropy balance equation
Erb paralysis
exemplary role
fabry perot cavity
ferrimagnetisms
fishery processing ship
foreign capital in flow
furnace foundation
furnculosis
gauze sponge
godelier
grafite
grasps the nettle
hold in pledge
huntington-heberleim sink and float
hydraulic machine
hylion
infusoriform embryo
iodobromite
ketonic ester
logic(al) value
magnetic card filing cabinet
manufacturer's wire
masais
mauremys reevesii
memory time
migratory thrombophlebitis
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nail smith chisel
noise pollution
NOT AND
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permitio
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pstis
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Red Cross and Red Crescent
rheology of elastomers
saddle-bows
safe handling of cargo
screw driver for cruciate slot
seminists
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space-based observation
spherical iron particle
superfamily sphecoideas
theory of genasthenia
time-to-pulse height converter
to the advantage of
toric smoothing machine
touchinesses
translation tool
tread bracing layer
unryu-gata
vertical velocity gradient
waist packs
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walt whitmen
wholesomest
work loose
zinc dithiofuroate
Zitazonium