科学美国人60秒 SSS Tsunami Sent Species on a Transoceanic Trip
时间：2018-12-02 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(十)月
Tsunami 1 Sent Species on a Transoceanic Trip
海啸引发的物种跨洋迁移
The massive earthquake that rocked Japan in March 2011 took thousands of lives. It sent tsunami waves more than a hundred feet high towards northern Japan, where they battered 2 the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant—and swallowed up whole swaths of coastline.
2011年3月，日本发生的大地震夺去了数千人的生命。地震在日本北部诱发的高达100多英尺的海啸巨浪袭击了福岛第一核电站，并吞噬了整个海岸线。
"Large amounts of villages and towns and cities washed into the ocean." Jim Carlton, a marine 3 ecologist at Williams College. "Huge amounts of infrastructure 4, fisheries facilities, aquaculture. From children's toys, to fisheries baskets, to many vessels 5, buoys 6, containers, everything one can imagine."
“大量的村庄、小镇和城市被冲入大海。”威廉姆斯学院的海洋生态学家吉姆·卡尔顿说道。“大量的基础设施、渔业设施、水产养殖设施。从儿童玩具、渔场篮筐，到大量船只、浮标、集装箱，人们能想象到的一切都被冲入大海。”
Time and ocean currents have delivered hundreds of those objects to U.S. shores. Along with the stuff living in and on them: mussels, anemones 7, barnacles, crustaceans 8, worms—even a few fish, caught swimming in boats. Carlton and his team have now recovered more than 600 pieces of that debris 9, with the help of a huge network of scientists and citizen volunteers, and catalogued the hitchhiking Japanese species. The full manifest—289 species in all—is listed in a report in the journal Science.
时间和洋流将数百个这些物体冲到了美国海岸。连带着的还有寄居在它们上面和里面的生物：贻贝、海葵、藤壶、甲壳纲动物、蠕虫——甚至还有一些在船上游泳的鱼。在一个大型的科学家和公民志愿者团体的帮助下，卡尔顿和他的团队找到了600多块这种物体的残骸，并对这些“搭便车”来的日本物种进行了分类。这些物体的完整清单——289种物种均被列在了《科学》杂志上的一篇报告中。
While it’s hard not to admire their tenacity 10, some of these transplants could pose a danger to local species: "It's really ecological 11 roulette. It's really a matter of any number of species which have no prior history at all of becoming nuisance species, becoming invasive."
除了佩服他们的坚韧，我们还发现其中一些移植物可能会对当地物种构成威胁：“这是真的生态轮盘赌。而且这个物种的数量是任意的，它们在没有任何历史的情况下，突然就成为了有害物种，变得具有侵略性。”
And as we clutter 12 our coastlines with more and more development, and the ocean rips it away—as happened to Texas and Florida this month—Carlton says we can expect more of these ecological experiments, tsunami or not.
伴随着对海岸线的不断开发，然后又被海洋不断冲走——卡尔顿表示，正如这个月发生在德克萨斯州和佛罗里达州的情况一样，不管有无海啸我们都将面临更多此类生态问题。
- Powerful quake sparks tsunami warning in Japan.大地震触发了日本的海啸预警。
- Coastlines all around the Indian Ocean inundated by a huge tsunami.大海啸把印度洋沿岸地区都淹没了。
- He drove up in a battered old car.他开着一辆又老又破的旧车。
- The world was brutally battered but it survived.这个世界遭受了惨重的创伤,但它还是生存下来了。
- Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
- When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
- We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
- We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。
- The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The channel is marked by buoys. 航道有浮标表示。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- Often they mark the path with buoys. 他们常常用浮标作为航道的标志。 来自辞典例句
- With its powerful tentacles, it tries to prise the anemones off. 它想用强壮的触角截获海葵。 来自互联网
- Density, scale, thickness are still influencing the anemones shape. 密度、大小、厚度是受最原始的那股海葵的影响。 来自互联网
- These crustaceans provide a valuable food source for some fish. 这些甲壳纲动物是某些鱼类重要的食物来源。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- When the tide ebbs it's a rock pool inhabited by crustaceans. 退潮时，它便成为甲壳动物居住的岩石区潮水潭。 来自辞典例句
- After the bombing there was a lot of debris everywhere.轰炸之后到处瓦砾成堆。
- Bacteria sticks to food debris in the teeth,causing decay.细菌附着在牙缝中的食物残渣上，导致蛀牙。
- Tenacity is the bridge to success.坚韧是通向成功的桥。
- The athletes displayed great tenacity throughout the contest.运动员在比赛中表现出坚韧的斗志。
- The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
- Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.