科学美国人60秒 SSS Stone Age Pottery Reveals Signs of Beekeeping
时间：2018-12-02 作者：英语课 分类：2017年Scientific American(二)月
Stone Age Pottery 1 Reveals Signs of Beekeeping 陶器揭露人类养蜂历史
You have bees to thank every time you drizzle 2 some honey into your tea. And the human-honeybee relationship is long-standing. Iconography of honeybees adorns 3 4400-year-old walls in ancient Egypt. Rock art has been found that depicts 4 a stone age bee harvest. But exactly when early farmers began to exploit bees has been unclear.
每次在茶水里滴入蜂蜜时，你都要感谢蜜蜂。同时人类和蜜蜂的关系时间久远。蜜蜂的形象在古埃及有着4400年历史的墙壁上就曾出现。人们还发现了刻画着石器时代蜜蜂收获场景的岩画。但是古代农民到底何时开始利用蜜蜂，我们尚不清楚。
Those farmers exploited bees for more than honey. Research has shown that they also employed the beeswax for cosmetics 5, fuel, medicine, and to perform rituals.
古代的农民不仅仅利用蜜蜂酿取蜂蜜。研究表明，他们还利用蜂蜡制成化妆品、燃料、药品，并将蜂蜡用于宗教仪式。
Beeswax contains complex fats that leave a recognizable residue 6 on pottery and other archaeological artifacts. And scientists have now used that beeswax residue to analyze 7 what they’ve determined 8 to be the earliest known human-and-bee association, dating back some 9,000 years.
蜂蜡中含有复杂的脂类物质，这些物质可在陶器以及其他考古文物上留下可识别的残留物。科学家们已经确定人类和蜜蜂的关系，最早可追随到9000多年以前。现在他们利用蜂蜡的残留物来研究这一结论。
The researchers surveyed Europe, the Near East and northern Africa. They found beeswax on pottery vessels 9 from Neolithic 10 farming sites in Anatolia, in or near modern-day Turkey. They also discovered the first evidence of beeswax at Neolithic sites in Northern Africa. And the lack of wax residues 11 in Ireland, Scotland and the Scandanavian peninsula led them to conclude that those locations were above what must have been a northern limit for honeybees. The study is in the journal Nature.
研究人员调查了欧洲、近东以及北非地区。他们在安纳托利亚、近现代土耳其的新石器农业考古点出土的陶器上发现了蜂蜡残留物。同时研究人员还首次在北非的新石器考古点发现了蜂蜡。而爱尔兰、苏格兰以及Scandanavian半岛未发现蜂蜡残留物。因此，研究人员认为，这些地区一定是蜜蜂的北部边界地区。该研究结果发表在《自然》杂志上。
The researchers say that the beeswax residues at these human-occupied sites may be clues pointing to the very beginnings of bee domestication 12. With thousands of years of sweet results for us all.
研究人员称，在人类居住地的蜂蜡残留物可能会是研究蜜蜂驯化开始的线索。这个结论对我们所有人来都是人类已经拥有了几千年的甜蜜享受的证据呢。
- My sister likes to learn art pottery in her spare time.我妹妹喜欢在空余时间学习陶艺。
- The pottery was left to bake in the hot sun.陶器放在外面让炎热的太阳烘晒焙干。
- The shower tailed off into a drizzle.阵雨越来越小，最后变成了毛毛雨。
- Yesterday the radio forecast drizzle,and today it is indeed raining.昨天预报有小雨，今天果然下起来了。
- Have adornment, the building adorns the product of material. 有装饰，就有建筑装饰材料的制品。
- In this case, WALL-E adorns every pillar. 在这段时间，Wall-E占据了各个显要位置。
- The book vividly depicts French society of the 1930s. 这本书生动地描绘了20 世纪30 年代的法国社会。
- He depicts the sordid and vulgar sides of life exclusively. 他只描写人生肮脏和庸俗的一面。
- We sell a wide range of cosmetics at a very reasonable price. 我们以公道的价格出售各种化妆品。
- Cosmetics do not always cover up the deficiencies of nature. 化妆品未能掩饰天生的缺陷。
- Mary scraped the residue of food from the plates before putting them under water.玛丽在把盘子放入水之前先刮去上面的食物残渣。
- Pesticide persistence beyond the critical period for control leads to residue problems.农药一旦超过控制的临界期，就会导致残留问题。
- We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
- The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
- I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
- He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
- The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- Cattle were first domesticated in Neolithic times.新石器时代有人开始驯养牛。
- The monument was Stone Age or Neolithic.该纪念碑是属于石器时代或新石器时代的。
- pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables 残留在水果和蔬菜中的杀虫剂
- All organic and metallic residues on the wafers must be removed. 片子上所有的有机和金属残留物均必须清除。 来自辞典例句
- The first was the domestication of animals. 第一个阶段是驯养动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- In northwestern China, there is no evidence for endemic domestication of any animals. 在中国西北，没有任何当地动物驯化的迹象。 来自辞典例句