时间:2019-01-13 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2012年(八月)


英语课

 


Experts: Tightening 2 Iran Sanctions Hurts Ordinary Iranians



Tehran's refusal to address international concerns about its atomic ambitions has forced the United States and the United Nations to tighten 1 sanctions on Iran. U.S. authorities are investigating the Royal Bank of Scotland and Germany's second-biggest lender, Commerzbank, in an effort that already has led to large fines for others caught doing business with Iran.


Effects of sanctions


Iran's economy has suffered greatly from the sanctions, according to David Tafuri, a partner at the Washington D.C.-based law firm Patton Boggs, which is active in Middle East development.


"It's certainly made it difficult for Iran to sell oil, which is the main source of funds for Iran," he said. "So Iran needs money, not just to keep the economy going, but to continue these weapons programs."


But Jamal Abdi, policy director of the National Iranian American Council, says U.S. policy toward Iran is doing more harm than good.


"We've gone from a policy that was supposed to be smart sanctions or targeted sanctions instead to ones that are designed to cripple the entire Iranian economy, and this is a counterproductive approach," he said. "This hurts ordinary people. It obstructs 3 rather than facilitates diplomacy 4. And at the end of the day, I think it's going to put us on a collision course for a military confrontation 5 with Iran."


So what do ordinary Iranians think?


"A lot of people see the reason behind the sanctions, which is the nuclear crisis, but they don't see that. A lot of people don't see that connected to their daily lives," said Negar Mortazavi, host of VOA Persian News Network's "Straight Talk" program. "But they see sanctions connected to their daily lives."


Mortazavi says people call in to her program to complain about rising food prices.


One viewer shows how the price of milk increased by 14 percent in only four days. Another viewer submitted a satirical picture of a "chicken tea bag," mocking how chicken is so expensive that the same bird has to be used to prepare several meals.


"It's an unfortunate by-product 6 of sanctions. And really, oftentimes it's the people who don't support the regime in these countries that are hurt the most by the sanctions, which is very sad and unfortunate," said David Tafuri. "But sanctions, by their nature, have to be universal and comprehensive. You can't really make exceptions."


Many experts say that relying on international sanctions to dissuade 7 Iran from pursuing nuclear weapons will be a difficult and lengthy 8 process.


"I just hope this process of building leverage 9, we can actually use that leverage before it reaches a breaking point," Jamal Abdi said.


And Tafuri, Abdi, and other experts say the possibility of a military confrontation could increase as the impasse 10 over Iran's nuclear program continues. 


VOA's Persian News Network contributed to this report.




v.(使)变紧;(使)绷紧
  • Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
  • Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策,以避免通货膨胀。
上紧,固定,紧密
  • Make sure the washer is firmly seated before tightening the pipe. 旋紧水管之前,检查一下洗衣机是否已牢牢地固定在底座上了。
  • It needs tightening up a little. 它还需要再收紧些。
阻塞( obstruct的第三人称单数 ); 堵塞; 阻碍; 阻止
  • The cirrhotic process obstructs the intrahepatic portion of the portal venous system. 肝硬化使门脉系统的肝内部分受阻。
  • A device or means that obstructs, blocks, or plugs up. 堵塞的方法:阻碍,阻挠或堵塞的工具或途径。
n.外交;外交手腕,交际手腕
  • The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
  • This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。
n.对抗,对峙,冲突
  • We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
  • After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后,他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。
n.副产品,附带产生的结果
  • Freedom is the by-product of economic surplus.自由是经济盈余的副产品。
  • The raw material for the tyre is a by-product of petrol refining.制造轮胎的原材料是提炼汽油时产生的一种副产品。
v.劝阻,阻止
  • You'd better dissuade him from doing that.你最好劝阻他别那样干。
  • I tried to dissuade her from investing her money in stocks and shares.我曾设法劝她不要投资于股票交易。
adj.漫长的,冗长的
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
  • The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。
n.力量,影响;杠杆作用,杠杆的力量
  • We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
  • He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力,他的计划失败了。
n.僵局;死路
  • The government had reached an impasse.政府陷入绝境。
  • Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.谈判似乎已经陷入僵局。
学英语单词
-minded
1-hexadecene
actual effect
Adamawa-Ubangi languages
alizarin orange ao
allelogenous
anticlimb
assassinate
auslander
banksii
bast
be left to the tender mercy of
be your last resort
beacon tracking
Bels
Bende
besigh
bigamic marriage
Binet-Simon intelligence scale
bluster out
boccis
brine water pump
bulletin structure
by-contract
cargo projector
cryocardioplegic solution
denominationalism
diphoton
direction traffic
doorrbell
element of coal seam occurrence
emission electron
encephalon (pl. encephala)
error-free coding
experiment reactor
failure of fuel
fluor albus
fret and fume
general purpose relay
go to great lengths
Heshmon
heter-
holmium alloy
ice evaporation level
in date
interest-bearing bank debenture
irreversible agglomeration process
ketoestradiol
left superior lobar bronchus
LightCycler
Line Islands
lovettsville
mean square distance
metaphoricity
method of extinct generations
midswing
modosc (modulator oscillator)
neon pipe
omentum minus
orifice standard
oxyneurin
pea-soup fog
peripheral fuel support
picture takings
population-based
private health insurance
provided by law
Pyoclox
Ramus posterior ascendens
reaerated
redeliberated
rhinocerontis
ritual-making
Riviere's potion
rough peas
Salved Property
self-contained rocket
sfintul
shears
single-discharge
skittishness
sodium hydroxymethane-sulfinate
special court
stick pin
storage access control unit
strategic equivalence
subjunctive modes
submetacentric chromosome
subschema control structure file
Texas brag
the lees
thicknesse
throw a flood of light upon
thulke
tout
touters
training programs
tumor dose
urban electricity supply
vestals
Wadati-Benioff zone
Yogi Berra