英语四级考试必备语法知识点(3)
时间：2019-01-08 作者：英语课 分类：大学四六级阅读
英语课
Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)
时态
1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
语态
可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
He was said to be jealous 1 of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)
双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference 2.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad 3 leader.
He was considered quite qualified 4 for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短语动词
Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral 5.
Vi + prep (有被动语态)
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)
I am trying to give up smoking 6.
Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
adj.妒忌的，猜忌的；精心守护的
- He was jealous when he discovered that she loved someone else.当他发现她爱别人的时候，他吃醋了。
- An honorable Chinese citizen should be jealous of his own rights.一名光荣的中国公民应当珍惜自己的公民权利。
n.（正式的）会议；讨论
- We're having a conference and we'd like you to sit in.我们将举行一次会议，希望你来旁听。
- The conference will come to a close this afternoon.今天下午会议闭幕。
n.班，小队，小团体；vt.把…编成班或小组
- The squad leader ordered the men to mark time.班长命令战士们原地踏步。
- A squad is the smallest unit in an army.班是军队的最小构成单位。
adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的
- He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
- We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
n.教区总教堂；大教堂
- We visited the magnificent cathedral.我们参观了宏伟的教堂。
- There's a cathedral in the town.镇里有一座大教堂。
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英语四级