时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英美文化


英语课

 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland地理篇


  英格兰England:面积最大
  苏格兰Scotland:首府为爱丁堡 Edinburgh
  威尔士Wales:首府为卡迪夫(又译加的夫)Cardiff
  北爱尔兰Northern Ireland:首府为贝尔法斯特 Belfast
  伦敦London:腐国首都
  ▲皇家法庭(Royal Courts of Justice)
  ▲圣保罗大教堂(St. Paul's Cathedral)
  ▲威斯敏斯特大教堂(Westminster Abbey)
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  历史政治
  1215年大宪章
  The Great Charter in 1215
  亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,该宪章确保平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,以及限制国王及王室官员的行为。
  玫瑰战争
  Wars of the Roses
  Richard三世和Henry Tudor发动玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。
  英国宗教改革
  English Reformation
  亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期。新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。
  宪章运动
  Chartist Movement
  由于对改革法案Reform Act 和New Poor Law 的不满,工人组织了伦敦工人联盟London Working Men’s Association,起草了人民宪章People’s Charter,想让议会通过但是最终失败,宪章运动是第一次全国性的工人运动。
  英国内战
  The Civil Wars
  是国王和议会间的战争,Norttingham King Charles和议会开战,国王军是Cavaliers(骑士),议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)。查尔斯战败,克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命,因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度,甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度,被认为是世界现代史的开端。
  光荣革命
  The Glorious Revolution
  奥兰治王室(William of Orange),用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权利,William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案,英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。
  君主立宪制
  Constitutional Monarchy 1
  英国是君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy, 元首Head of the state。The Head ofthe Commonwealth 2是女王,现在是伊丽莎白二世。
  国家政体:君主立宪制 Constitutional monarchy
  国家元首:Head of the commonwealth 是女王,现在是伊丽莎白二世。
  议会组成:House of lords 上议院 & house of commons 下议院 (最有权力)
  政党:工党Labor 3 Party 和Conservative Party保守党
  枢密院 the Privy 4 Council:是国家执行力机构 chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council。其司法特点是no single legal system, no complete code。

n.君主,最高统治者;君主政体,君主国
  • The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
  • The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的,无甚实际意义。
n.共和国,联邦,共同体
  • He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。
  • Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
adj.私用的;隐密的
  • Only three people,including a policeman,will be privy to the facts.只会允许3个人,其中包括一名警察,了解这些内情。
  • Very few of them were privy to the details of the conspiracy.他们中很少有人知道这一阴谋的详情。
标签: 知识
学英语单词
acft
additional document
alar plate
anachitis
anhydrous sodium sulfate
audio-recording
bilithic filter
bowyang
braeden
bulletheads
cellular sheet pile wharf
choosest
chromoneucleoprotein
chrysemys pictas
Consumer Reports
coppice-wood
coral spot
cordierite-anthophyllite rock
crack border
cylic compound
denumerable at infinity
Dictyodrama
Dihydrocoumarone
duncer
error routine address
family Ascaphidae
finger buff
finger-pick
follow feed
football leagues
fuel knock
gabeller
Geneva Bureau
gigabarrels
gished
heavyhanded
homentropic
incestous
incremental pricing
indol(e)amine
indolic
initial free volume
inverse suppressor
jeanbandyite
key schedule
knot-head
light-weight concrete
liquor sauce
longisporin
Lord President of the Court of Session
macro-cracks
magnetic detent
megamonuments
microcosmographic
need it!
nongeriatric
nonzero queue
one's word is as good as one's bond
paediatric psychopharmacology
pareucalanus sewelli
party to a case
penis palmatus
perpendicular susceptibility
pet subject
piscinest
plain snap gauge
plug and chug
plug-finishing bur
poeciloblast
polyimidoylamidine
Posang-ni
proportion of resin present
providers
RAM refresh operation
rauning
reaction control
return flow line
round bordered pit
rug? vaginales
saddle coil magnet
Samut Songkhram, Changwat
Sepyron
Silfiac
spinal lemniscus
stabilizing tester
starting torque in air
static memory interface
stellaria uliginosa murr.var. undulata franch. et sav.
swifterly
sy
the fag end of sth
threofuranoside
tocofersolan
trade identity
transition transient
Triodanis perfoliata
uncarboxylated
under water fittings
unequaladdendum system
venae spinales externae posteriores
William Caxton
willians