时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英美文化


英语课

 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland地理篇


  英格兰England:面积最大
  苏格兰Scotland:首府为爱丁堡 Edinburgh
  威尔士Wales:首府为卡迪夫(又译加的夫)Cardiff
  北爱尔兰Northern Ireland:首府为贝尔法斯特 Belfast
  伦敦London:腐国首都
  ▲皇家法庭(Royal Courts of Justice)
  ▲圣保罗大教堂(St. Paul's Cathedral)
  ▲威斯敏斯特大教堂(Westminster Abbey)
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  历史政治
  1215年大宪章
  The Great Charter in 1215
  亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,该宪章确保平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,以及限制国王及王室官员的行为。
  玫瑰战争
  Wars of the Roses
  Richard三世和Henry Tudor发动玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。
  英国宗教改革
  English Reformation
  亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期。新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。
  宪章运动
  Chartist Movement
  由于对改革法案Reform Act 和New Poor Law 的不满,工人组织了伦敦工人联盟London Working Men’s Association,起草了人民宪章People’s Charter,想让议会通过但是最终失败,宪章运动是第一次全国性的工人运动。
  英国内战
  The Civil Wars
  是国王和议会间的战争,Norttingham King Charles和议会开战,国王军是Cavaliers(骑士),议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党)。查尔斯战败,克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命,因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度,甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度,被认为是世界现代史的开端。
  光荣革命
  The Glorious Revolution
  奥兰治王室(William of Orange),用一场不流血的政变夺了王室的权利,William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)权利法案,英国“光荣革命”后巩固资产阶级与封建贵族联合专政、确立君主立宪政体的宪法性文件之一。君主立宪由此开始。
  君主立宪制
  Constitutional Monarchy 1
  英国是君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy, 元首Head of the state。The Head ofthe Commonwealth 2是女王,现在是伊丽莎白二世。
  国家政体:君主立宪制 Constitutional monarchy
  国家元首:Head of the commonwealth 是女王,现在是伊丽莎白二世。
  议会组成:House of lords 上议院 & house of commons 下议院 (最有权力)
  政党:工党Labor 3 Party 和Conservative Party保守党
  枢密院 the Privy 4 Council:是国家执行力机构 chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council。其司法特点是no single legal system, no complete code。

n.君主,最高统治者;君主政体,君主国
  • The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
  • The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的,无甚实际意义。
n.共和国,联邦,共同体
  • He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。
  • Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
adj.私用的;隐密的
  • Only three people,including a policeman,will be privy to the facts.只会允许3个人,其中包括一名警察,了解这些内情。
  • Very few of them were privy to the details of the conspiracy.他们中很少有人知道这一阴谋的详情。
标签: 知识
学英语单词
ainis
Alfie Bass
allowable operating current range
anal blood gill
anticyclogenesis
artesian discharge
ask for leave
astern maneuvering valve
autodermic
be swayed by prejudice
beeter
bergamot pear
bottari
bowlingite
bulls eye
cock carrying platform
color bar Y buffer
come to a dead end
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
consumer expenditure income pattern
container fork lift
depth charge exploder
devorations
dialectical statement
divisibilities
dressel
dumb down
ec-
El Uarot
elastic restraint
end land width
equips
erythroferrone
exemplificator
extensible markup language parser
family historian
femoral scute
field ion microscopy(FIM)
foration
gas sampling
gdcf
Georges Bizet
gotten some air
Horizontal Stripe
incomplexly
isoenzyme isozyme
lichees
life linesman
Ligularia przewalskii
Lobomonas
low-speed agitator
mariage blanc
meter-candle
middling purifier
midepigastric plane
most obviously
nonfollicular
nonreference
object image coincidence method
operation of controller
oxophenamidum
pajaros
pedal operated directional valve
periphrasic
pomiferas
potassium bitartrates
presco
present historic
program debugging
prostomial palp
recipe for disaster
reinforcement layup
rock rip-rap
Saint-Yrieix
show deference to
sound duct
sparklinkage
stomachic
store access cycle
stovetops
sulfosuccinate
table speed
the Channel
tiletamine
to the memory of sb
torpedo stop
tortaxis mirus
Traffic Safety Committee
tungsten-carbide composition
unamortized share-issuing expenses
undamped navigation mode
universal joint transmission flange
us sars
voltage-controlled shift register
wassermann tests
watering hole attack
wave shoaling coefficient
waveguide twists
X-LA
X-ray fluoresce readout analyser
xylosidase
zooms in